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MedKoo Cat#: 318671 | Name: Ritonavir
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Ritonavir is an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease used to treat HIV infection and AIDS. It is widely used as a booster of other protease inhibitors. More specifically, ritonavir is used to inhibit a particular liver enzyme that normally metabolizes protease inhibitors, CYP3A4.

Chemical Structure

Ritonavir
Ritonavir
CAS#155213-67-5

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 318671

Name: Ritonavir

CAS#: 155213-67-5

Chemical Formula: C37H48N6O5S2

Exact Mass: 720.3128

Molecular Weight: 720.94

Elemental Analysis: C, 61.64; H, 6.71; N, 11.66; O, 11.10; S, 8.90

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
100mg USD 150.00 Ready to ship
250mg USD 250.00 Ready to ship
500mg USD 425.00 Ready to ship
1g USD 650.00 Ready to ship
2g USD 950.00 Ready to ship
5g USD 1,850.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
No Data
Synonym
Ritonavir; Norvir; ABT-538; A-84538; Norvir Sec; 538, ABT; ABT 538; ABT-538; ABT538;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl N-[(2S,3S,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-[[methyl-[(2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate
InChi Key
NCDNCNXCDXHOMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C37H48N6O5S2/c1-24(2)33(42-36(46)43(5)20-29-22-49-35(40-29)25(3)4)34(45)39-28(16-26-12-8-6-9-13-26)18-32(44)31(17-27-14-10-7-11-15-27)41-37(47)48-21-30-19-38-23-50-30/h6-15,19,22-25,28,31-33,44H,16-18,20-21H2,1-5H3,(H,39,45)(H,41,47)(H,42,46)
SMILES Code
CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC(C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Certificate of Analysis
View CoA: current batch, Lot#AB220603
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
View Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Ritonavir is a HIV protease inhibitor and a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.61 μM.
In vitro activity:
Stimuli-sensitive nanomicelles along with hyaluronic acid targeting and ritonavir addition can effectively serve as a chemotherapeutic drug delivery agent for metastatic breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. Reference: Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 27;22(3):1257. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33513992/
In vivo activity:
Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir reduced the overall risk for hospitalization or death after an outpatient diagnosis of COVID-19. Recipients of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir had lower risk for hospitalization (adjusted risk ratio, 0.60 [CI, 0.44 to 0.81]) and death (adjusted risk ratio, 0.29 [CI, 0.12 to 0.71]). Reference: Ann Intern Med. 2023 Jan;176(1):77-84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36508742/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMSO 25.0 34.68
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 720.94 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Gote V, Sharma AD, Pal D. Hyaluronic Acid-Targeted Stimuli-Sensitive Nanomicelles Co-Encapsulating Paclitaxel and Ritonavir to Overcome Multi-Drug Resistance in Metastatic Breast Cancer and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 27;22(3):1257. doi: 10.3390/ijms22031257. PMID: 33513992; PMCID: PMC7865449. 2. Marima R, Hull R, Dlamini Z, Penny C. The dual protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) exerts genotoxic stress on lung cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Dec;132:110829. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110829. Epub 2020 Oct 12. PMID: 33059259. 3. Loos NHC, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. The inhibitory and inducing effects of ritonavir on hepatic and intestinal CYP3A and other drug-handling proteins. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Jun;162:114636. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114636. Epub 2023 Apr 1. PMID: 37004323; PMCID: PMC10065864. 4. Dryden-Peterson S, Kim A, Kim AY, Caniglia EC, Lennes IT, Patel R, Gainer L, Dutton L, Donahue E, Gandhi RT, Baden LR, Woolley AE. Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Early COVID-19 in a Large U.S. Health System : A Population-Based Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2023 Jan;176(1):77-84. doi: 10.7326/M22-2141. Epub 2022 Dec 13. PMID: 36508742; PMCID: PMC9753458.
In vitro protocol:
1. Gote V, Sharma AD, Pal D. Hyaluronic Acid-Targeted Stimuli-Sensitive Nanomicelles Co-Encapsulating Paclitaxel and Ritonavir to Overcome Multi-Drug Resistance in Metastatic Breast Cancer and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 27;22(3):1257. doi: 10.3390/ijms22031257. PMID: 33513992; PMCID: PMC7865449. 2. Marima R, Hull R, Dlamini Z, Penny C. The dual protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) exerts genotoxic stress on lung cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Dec;132:110829. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110829. Epub 2020 Oct 12. PMID: 33059259.
In vivo protocol:
1. Loos NHC, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. The inhibitory and inducing effects of ritonavir on hepatic and intestinal CYP3A and other drug-handling proteins. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Jun;162:114636. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114636. Epub 2023 Apr 1. PMID: 37004323; PMCID: PMC10065864. 2. Dryden-Peterson S, Kim A, Kim AY, Caniglia EC, Lennes IT, Patel R, Gainer L, Dutton L, Donahue E, Gandhi RT, Baden LR, Woolley AE. Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Early COVID-19 in a Large U.S. Health System : A Population-Based Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2023 Jan;176(1):77-84. doi: 10.7326/M22-2141. Epub 2022 Dec 13. PMID: 36508742; PMCID: PMC9753458.
1: Yu X, Luo R, Xie G, Ji J, Wang J, Li X, Qian X, Wang X. A Real-World Retrospective Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Four Antiviral Drugs for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir, Simnotrelvir/Ritonavir, Molnupiravir and Azvudine. Infect Drug Resist. 2024 Sep 14;17:3967-3978. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S477083. PMID: 39296775; PMCID: PMC11410025. 2: Nooruzzaman M, Johnson KEE, Rani R, Finkelsztein EJ, Caserta LC, Kodiyanplakkal RP, Wang W, Hsu J, Salpietro MT, Banakis S, Albert J, Westblade LF, Zanettini C, Marchionni L, Soave R, Ghedin E, Diel DG, Salvatore M. Emergence of transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants with decreased sensitivity to antivirals in immunocompromised patients with persistent infections. Nat Commun. 2024 Sep 18;15(1):7999. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51924-3. PMID: 39294134. 3: Wang Y, Yang Y, Shan R, Zhao L, Bai Y, Feng L. Paxlovid for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2024 Aug 31;18(8):1169-1178. doi: 10.3855/jidc.19202. PMID: 39288386. 4: Yamashita M, Higo H, Fujii N, Matsumoto C, Makimoto G, Ninomiya K, Fujii M, Rai K, Ichihara E, Ohashi K, Hotta K, Tabata M, Maeda Y, Miyahara N. Protracted coronavirus disease 2019 after chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy successfully treated with sequential multidrug therapy. Respir Med Case Rep. 2024 Sep 2;51:102104. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2024.102104. PMID: 39286407; PMCID: PMC11404050. 5: Haslam A, Prasad V. A Systematic Review of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir and Molnupiravir for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Sep 7;11(9):ofae497. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae497. PMID: 39286035; PMCID: PMC11403474. 6: Ashruf OS, Orozco Z, Haq I, Khanam R, Ashruf Z, Kaelber DC, Raina R. In- Hospital Disease Progression in Moderate to Severe Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19 Treated with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir. J Gen Intern Med. 2024 Sep 16. doi: 10.1007/s11606-024-09024-x. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39285077. 7: Gao Y, Dong Y, Bu Q, Gong Z, Wang W, Zhou Z, Gao Y, Liu L, Wu M, Zhang J, Liang L, Li H, Jiang M, Luo Z, Ma Y, Zhang X, Hu Z. Antiviral Effectiveness, Clinical Outcomes, and Artificial Intelligence Imaging Analysis for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Receiving Antivirals. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2024 Sep;18(9):e70006. doi: 10.1111/irv.70006. PMID: 39284764. 8: Zhang H, Wu W, Zheng Y, Fu Q, Chen P, Li J, Wu Z, Gu J, Li J, Liu L, Wu C, Long S, Xu B, Ling L, Fu Y, Wang C. The effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir regimen in hospitalized renal transplant patients with prolonged COVID-19 infection: a multicenter clinical experience. Ren Fail. 2024 Dec;46(2):2385724. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2024.2385724. Epub 2024 Sep 16. PMID: 39282735; PMCID: PMC11407377. 9: Kharwade R, Kazi M, Mahajan N, Badole P, More S, Kayali A, Noushad Javed M, Kaleem M. Mannosylated PAMAM G2 dendrimers mediated rate programmed delivery of efavirenz target HIV viral latency at reservoirs. Saudi Pharm J. 2024 Oct;32(10):102154. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102154. Epub 2024 Aug 13. PMID: 39282004; PMCID: PMC11399684. 10: Kurotschka PK, Ebell MH, Serafini A. Gli antivirali molnupiravir o nirmatrelvir-ritonavir riducono la probabilità di ricovero e di decesso nei pazienti immunocompromessi con Covid-19 [Molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir reduce the likelihood of hospitalization and mortality in immunocompromised patients with Covid-19.]. Recenti Prog Med. 2024 Sep;115(9):399. Italian. doi: 10.1701/4334.43179. PMID: 39269352. 11: Kurotschka PK, Ebell MH, Serafini A. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid) non riduce significativamente i sintomi o i ricoveri nei pazienti con Covid-19 vaccinati ad alto rischio e nei pazienti non vaccinati [Nirmatreolvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid) leads to no reduction of symptoms or hospitalizations in vaccinated or unvaccinated high-risk adults with Covid-19.]. Recenti Prog Med. 2024 Sep;115(9):397-398. Italian. doi: 10.1701/4334.43178. PMID: 39269351. 12: Camp D, Caputo M, Echevarria FM, Achenbach CJ. Clinical rebound after treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in COVID-19. BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Sep 12;24(1):963. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09842-8. PMID: 39266964; PMCID: PMC11396880. 13: Wang K, Li H, Li Y, Xu F, Sun Z, Yang Y, Huang J, Chen X. Model informed dose regimen optimizing in development of leritrelvir for the treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19. Front Pharmacol. 2024 Aug 28;15:1449583. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1449583. PMID: 39263567; PMCID: PMC11387175. 14: Wang WW, Zeng P, Liu T, Zhou XL, Lin C, Guo L, Wang QS, Li J. Structural Basis of Main Proteases of Coronavirus Bound to Bofutrelvir. J Mol Biol. 2024 Sep 6;436(22):168784. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168784. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39245318. 15: Mawazi SM, Fathima N, Mahmood S, Al-Mahmood SMA. Antiviral therapy for COVID-19 virus: A narrative review and bibliometric analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2024 Sep 4;85:98-107. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.09.001. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39244809. 16: Mozaffari E, Chandak A, Ustianowski A, Rivera CG, Ahuja N, Jiang H, Berry M, Okulicz JF, Amin AN. Prevalence of Potential Drug Interactions With Direct- Acting Antivirals for COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients. Clin Ther. 2024 Sep 6:S0149-2918(24)00215-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.08.004. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39244489. 17: Rubin R. The Latest Research About Paxlovid: Effectiveness, Access, and Possible Long COVID Benefits. JAMA. 2024 Sep 6. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.16432. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39240544. 18: Vlachou A, Nchioua R, Regensburger K, Kirchhoff F, Kmiec D. A Gaussia luciferase reporter assay for the evaluation of coronavirus Nsp5/3CLpro activity. Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 5;14(1):20697. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71305-6. PMID: 39237598; PMCID: PMC11377810. 19: Wang R, Wang Z, Yuan H, Li C, Zhu N. Mechanistic exploration of COVlD-19 antiviral drug ritonavir on anaerobic digestion through experimental validation coupled with metagenomics analysis. J Hazard Mater. 2024 Aug 22;479:135603. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135603. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39236545. 20: Cattaneo D, Ridolfo AL, Giacomelli A, Castagna A, Dolci A, Antinori S, Gervasoni C. The Case of Dolutegravir Plus Darunavir Antiretroviral Regimens: Is It Always Useful to Double the Drug Doses? A Short Communication. Ther Drug Monit. 2024 Sep 5. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000001259. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39235337.