MedKoo Cat#: 318660 | Name: Ribavirin
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Ribavirin is an anti-viral drug used for severe RSV infection; hepatitis C infection, including if persistent, and often in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b or peginterferon alfa-2a; as well as some other viral infections. It is a guanosine (ribonucleic) analog used to stop viral RNA synthesis and viral mRNA capping, thus, it is a nucleoside inhibitor. Ribavirin is a prodrug, which when metabolized resembles purine RNA nucleotides. In this form it interferes with RNA metabolism required for viral replication. How it exactly affects viral replication is unknown; many mechanisms have been proposed for this but none of these has been proven to date. Multiple mechanisms may be responsible for its actions.

Chemical Structure

Ribavirin
Ribavirin
CAS#36791-04-5

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 318660

Name: Ribavirin

CAS#: 36791-04-5

Chemical Formula: C8H12N4O5

Exact Mass: 244.0808

Molecular Weight: 244.20

Elemental Analysis: C, 39.35; H, 4.95; N, 22.94; O, 32.76

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
100mg USD 90.00 Ready to ship
200mg USD 150.00 Ready to ship
500mg USD 250.00 2 Weeks
1g USD 350.00 2 Weeks
2g USD 450.00 2 Weeks
5g USD 750.00 2 Weeks
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Synonym
Ribavirin, Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole, ICN-1229; ICN 1229; ICN1229;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide
InChi Key
IWUCXVSUMQZMFG-AFCXAGJDSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C8H12N4O5/c9-6(16)7-10-2-12(11-7)8-5(15)4(14)3(1-13)17-8/h2-5,8,13-15H,1H2,(H2,9,16)/t3-,4-,5-,8-/m1/s1
SMILES Code
O=C(C1=NN([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C=N1)N
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Certificate of Analysis
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Biological target:
Ribavirin (ICN-1229) is an antiviral agent against a broad spectrum of viruses including HCV, HIVl, and RSV.
In vitro activity:
In this study, antiviral activity of ribavirin against SFTSV (thrombocytopenia syndrome virus) has been investigated. No significant decrease in cell viability in ribavirin-treated Vero cells was detected for ribavirin at concentrations ≤ 31.3 μg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 hpt (Fig. 1). By contrast, cell viability was decreased at ribavirin concentrations ≥ 62.5 μg/mL at 12 and 24 hpt (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), and at concentrations ≥ 125 μg/mL at 72 hpt of ribavirin (p < 0.001). Vero cells were monitored for CPEs at 12, 24, and 48 hpt of ribavirin. While there were no obvious CPEs at 12 hpt, a dose-dependent reduction in CPEs in ribavirin-treated cells was Ribavirin also showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on viral RNA replication (Fig. 3). Viral titers were significantly reduced at 12 hpt (p < 0.001) in cells treated with ≥ 8 μg ribavirin/mL. At 24 hpt, there was a dose-dependent reduction in viral RNA titers (r2 > 0.9) in cells treated with ribavirin concentrations from 1 to 32 μg/mL (p < 0.01). observed at 24 hpt. A clear inhibition of CPEs was identified at ribavirin concentrations ≥ 16 μg/mL at 48 hpt (Fig. 2). The inhibitory effect of ribavirin concentrations ≥ 16 μg/mL persisted for 48 hours. The IC50 range of ribavirin in our in vitro model of SFTSV infection was 3.69 to 8.72 μg/mL, as determined from the viral titers of culture supernatants collected at 24 and 48 hpt (Fig. 4). Korean J Intern Med. 2017 Jul; 32(4): 731–737. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5511939/
In vivo activity:
It was sought to investigate for the first time the effects of ribavirin on AT/RT in vivo. Human AT/RT BT12 cells were subsequently implanted into the brains of immuno-compromised mice and assessed survival with or without ribavirin treatment. As shown in Figure Figure5A, mice were intraperitoneally injected daily for 30 days with either vehicle (H2O) or 100 mg/kg ribavirin. Very excitingly, ribavirin offered an anti-neoplastic effect in vivo as mice treated with ribavirin demonstrated a highly significant increase in survival compared to vehicle-treated controls (Figure5B). For the control group implanted with human AT/RT BT12 cells, the median survival was 37 days, while with ribavirin treatment (100 mg/kg) this median survival was significantly (p < 0.0001) extended to 56 days (Figure5B). In addition, we harvested mouse brains from vehicle control and ribavirin-treated groups at day 20 after implantation to perform H&E staining and assess tumor size. Images (Figure5C) and quantifications of tumor area (Figure5D) revealed that AT/RT tumors were significantly smaller in the ribavirin-treated group compared to the respective controls at day 20, which aligns with the extended median survival. These results demonstrate that ribavirin affects AT/RT growth in vivo and represents a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of AT/RT. Oncotarget. 2018 Jan 30; 9(8): 8054–8067. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5814281/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMSO 46.0 188.37
H2O 58.0 237.51
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 244.20 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Lee MJ, Kim KH, Yi J, Choi SJ, Choe PG, Park WB, Kim NJ, Oh MD. In vitro antiviral activity of ribavirin against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Korean J Intern Med. 2017 Jul;32(4):731-737. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2016.109. Epub 2016 Nov 30. PMID: 27899013; PMCID: PMC5511939. 2. Yousfi H, Cassagne C, Ranque S, Rolain JM, Bittar F. Repurposing of Ribavirin as an Adjunct Therapy against Invasive Candida Strains in an In Vitro Study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Sep 23;63(10):e00263-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00263-19. PMID: 31307986; PMCID: PMC6761495. 3.Casaos J, Huq S, Lott T, Felder R, Choi J, Gorelick N, Peters M, Xia Y, Maxwell R, Zhao T, Ji C, Simon T, Sesen J, Scotland SJ, Kast RE, Rubens J, Raabe E, Eberhart CG, Jackson EM, Brem H, Tyler B, Skuli N. Ribavirin as a potential therapeutic for atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. Oncotarget. 2018 Jan 3;9(8):8054-8067. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.23883. PMID: 29487714; PMCID: PMC5814281. 4. Li ZH, Li CM, Ling P, Shen FH, Chen SH, Liu CC, Yu CK, Chen SH. Ribavirin reduces mortality in enterovirus 71-infected mice by decreasing viral replication. J Infect Dis. 2008 Mar 15;197(6):854-7. doi: 10.1086/527326. PMID: 18279075; PMCID: PMC7109938.
In vitro protocol:
1. Lee MJ, Kim KH, Yi J, Choi SJ, Choe PG, Park WB, Kim NJ, Oh MD. In vitro antiviral activity of ribavirin against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Korean J Intern Med. 2017 Jul;32(4):731-737. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2016.109. Epub 2016 Nov 30. PMID: 27899013; PMCID: PMC5511939. 2. Yousfi H, Cassagne C, Ranque S, Rolain JM, Bittar F. Repurposing of Ribavirin as an Adjunct Therapy against Invasive Candida Strains in an In Vitro Study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Sep 23;63(10):e00263-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00263-19. PMID: 31307986; PMCID: PMC6761495.
In vivo protocol:
1. Casaos J, Huq S, Lott T, Felder R, Choi J, Gorelick N, Peters M, Xia Y, Maxwell R, Zhao T, Ji C, Simon T, Sesen J, Scotland SJ, Kast RE, Rubens J, Raabe E, Eberhart CG, Jackson EM, Brem H, Tyler B, Skuli N. Ribavirin as a potential therapeutic for atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. Oncotarget. 2018 Jan 3;9(8):8054-8067. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.23883. PMID: 29487714; PMCID: PMC5814281. 2. Li ZH, Li CM, Ling P, Shen FH, Chen SH, Liu CC, Yu CK, Chen SH. Ribavirin reduces mortality in enterovirus 71-infected mice by decreasing viral replication. J Infect Dis. 2008 Mar 15;197(6):854-7. doi: 10.1086/527326. PMID: 18279075; PMCID: PMC7109938.
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PMID: 39264896. 5: Ali Naghian AH, Hashemi Z, Chekin F, Saleh N. An ordered mesoporous carbon- silica hybrid for the detection of the antiviral drug ribavirin in clinical samples. Nanoscale Adv. 2024 Jul 29;6(18):4657-4663. doi: 10.1039/d4na00435c. PMID: 39263401; PMCID: PMC11385257. 6: Mäkinen JJ, Rosenqvist P, Virta P, Metsä-Ketelä M, Belogurov GA. Probing the nucleobase selectivity of RNA polymerases with dual-coding substrates. J Biol Chem. 2024 Sep 9:107755. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107755. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39260691. 7: Barboza MGL, Dyna AL, Lima TF, Tavares ER, Yamada-Ogatta SF, Deduch F, Orsato A, Toledo KA, Cunha AP, Ricardo NMPS, Galhardi LCF. In vitro antiviral effect of sulfated pectin from Mangifera indica against the infection of the viral agent of childhood bronchiolitis (Respiratory Syncytial Virus - RSV). Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Sep 10:135387. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135387. Epub ahead of print. 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