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MedKoo Cat#: 522694 | Name: Gly-Pro-Glu
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Gly-Pro-Glu, also known as GPE, is a neuroprotective agent and the N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1. Gly-Pro-Glu is neuroprotective after central administration in animal models of neurodegenerative processes, such as Huntington’s, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s diseases, and varies acute brain injury animal models. GPE mimics insulin-like growth factor I effects on the somatostatin system through a mechanism independent of β-amyloid clearance that involves modulation of calcium and glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling.

Chemical Structure

Gly-Pro-Glu
Gly-Pro-Glu
CAS#32302-76-4

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 522694

Name: Gly-Pro-Glu

CAS#: 32302-76-4

Chemical Formula: C12H19N3O6

Exact Mass: 301.1274

Molecular Weight: 301.30

Elemental Analysis: C, 47.84; H, 6.36; N, 13.95; O, 31.86

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
10mg USD 350.00 2 Weeks
25mg USD 650.00 2 Weeks
50mg USD 950.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
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Synonym
Gly-Pro-Glu; glycyl-prolyl-glutamic acid; Glypromate; glycine-proline-glutamate (neuroprotectant), Neuren
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]pentanedioic acid
InChi Key
JJGBXTYGTKWGAT-YUMQZZPRSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C12H19N3O6/c13-6-9(16)15-5-1-2-8(15)11(19)14-7(12(20)21)3-4-10(17)18/h7-8H,1-6,13H2,(H,14,19)(H,17,18)(H,20,21)/t7-,8-/m0/s1
SMILES Code
O=C(O)CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC([C@H]1N(C(CN)=O)CCC1)=O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Gly-Pro-Glu, also known as GPE, is a neuroprotective agent and the N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1.
In vitro activity:
Treatments with GPEs and MEM increased the number of viable cells significantly more than cells treated with Aβ1-42 only. The neuroprotective action was associated with agent type and concentration. The addition of GPE3 at a various concentration rates tend to decrease cell damage induced by Aβ1-42 than others (Figure 3). Similarly, results by LDH release assay were in accordance with those of MTT assay (Figure 4). A100 μM GPE3 showed the most protective effect. Reference: Biomolecules. 2021 Jan 19;11(1):126. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33478054/
In vivo activity:
TBD

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 301.30 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Turkez H, Cacciatore I, Marinelli L, Fornasari E, Aslan ME, Cadirci K, Kahraman CY, Caglar O, Tatar A, Di Biase G, Hacimuftuoglu A, Di Stefano A, Mardinoglu A. Glycyl-L-Prolyl-L-Glutamate Pseudotripeptides for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules. 2021 Jan 19;11(1):126. doi: 10.3390/biom11010126. PMID: 33478054; PMCID: PMC7835747. 2. Almengló C, Devesa P, Devesa J, Arce VM. GPE Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Mouse Embryonic Neural Stem Cells and Their Progeny In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jun 16;18(6):1280. doi: 10.3390/ijms18061280. PMID: 28621713; PMCID: PMC5486102.
In vitro protocol:
1. Turkez H, Cacciatore I, Marinelli L, Fornasari E, Aslan ME, Cadirci K, Kahraman CY, Caglar O, Tatar A, Di Biase G, Hacimuftuoglu A, Di Stefano A, Mardinoglu A. Glycyl-L-Prolyl-L-Glutamate Pseudotripeptides for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules. 2021 Jan 19;11(1):126. doi: 10.3390/biom11010126. PMID: 33478054; PMCID: PMC7835747. 2. Almengló C, Devesa P, Devesa J, Arce VM. GPE Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Mouse Embryonic Neural Stem Cells and Their Progeny In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jun 16;18(6):1280. doi: 10.3390/ijms18061280. PMID: 28621713; PMCID: PMC5486102.
In vivo protocol:
TBD
1: Vaaga CE, Tovar KR, Westbrook GL. The IGF-derived tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu is a weak NMDA receptor agonist. J Neurophysiol. 2014 Sep 15;112(6):1241-5. doi: 10.1152/jn.00290.2014. Epub 2014 Jun 18. PubMed PMID: 24944213; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4137256. 2: Minelli A, Conte C, Cacciatore I, Cornacchia C, Pinnen F. Molecular mechanism underlying the cerebral effect of Gly-Pro-Glu tripeptide bound to L-dopa in a Parkinson's animal model. Amino Acids. 2012 Sep;43(3):1359-67. doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-1210-x. Epub 2012 Jan 5. PubMed PMID: 22218995. 3: Bickerdike MJ, Thomas GB, Batchelor DC, Sirimanne ES, Leong W, Lin H, Sieg F, Wen J, Brimble MA, Harris PW, Gluckman PD. NNZ-2566: a Gly-Pro-Glu analogue with neuroprotective efficacy in a rat model of acute focal stroke. J Neurol Sci. 2009 Mar 15;278(1-2):85-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.12.003. Epub 2009 Jan 20. PubMed PMID: 19157421. 4: Alonso De Diego SA, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez M, Pérez de Vega MJ, Casabona D, Cativiela C, González-Muñiz R, Herranz R, Cenarruzabeitia E, Frechilla D, Del Río J, Jimeno ML, García-López MT. New Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE) analogues: expedite solid-phase synthesis and biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Mar 1;16(5):1392-6. PubMed PMID: 16321525. 5: Alonso De Diego SA, Muñoz P, González-Muñiz R, Herranz R, Martín-Martínez M, Cenarruzabeitia E, Frechilla D, Del Río J, Jimeno ML, García-López MT. Analogues of the neuroprotective tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE): synthesis and structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 May 2;15(9):2279-83. PubMed PMID: 15837309. 6: Aguado-Llera D, Martín-Martínez M, García-López MT, Arilla-Ferreiro E, Barrios V. Gly-Pro-Glu protects beta-amyloid-induced somatostatin depletion in the rat cortex. Neuroreport. 2004 Aug 26;15(12):1979-82. PubMed PMID: 15305149. 7: Saura J, Curatolo L, Williams CE, Gatti S, Benatti L, Peeters C, Guan J, Dragunow M, Post C, Faull RL, Gluckman PD, Skinner SJ. Neuroprotective effects of Gly-Pro-Glu, the N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1, in the hippocampus in vitro. Neuroreport. 1999 Jan 18;10(1):161-4. PubMed PMID: 10094155. 8: Nilsson-Håkansson L, Civalero I, Zhang X, Carlsson-Skwirut C, Sara VR, Nordberg A. Effects of IGF-1, truncated IGF-1 and the tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu on acetylcholine release from parietal cortex of rat brain. Neuroreport. 1993 Sep;4(9):1111-4. PubMed PMID: 8219036. 9: Sara VR, Carlsson-Skwirut C, Bergman T, Jörnvall H, Roberts PJ, Crawford M, Håkansson LN, Civalero I, Nordberg A. Identification of Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE), the aminoterminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor 1 which is truncated in brain, as a novel neuroactive peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Dec 15;165(2):766-71. PubMed PMID: 2574573.

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