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MedKoo Cat#: 318553 | Name: Polymyxin B Sulfate
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Polymyxin B sulfate is a mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from Bacillus polymyxa strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B is used for infections with gram-negative organisms, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic. They bind and kill Gram-negative bacteria.2 The B series of polymyxins consist of a cyclic heptapeptide and a tripeptide side chain acylated at the amino terminus by a fatty acid. Polymyxin B (sulfate) is a mixture of at least four closely related components, polymyxin B1 to B4, with polymyxin B1 (Item No. 14074) and B2 being the two major components.

Chemical Structure

Polymyxin B Sulfate
Polymyxin B Sulfate
CAS#1405-20-5

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 318553

Name: Polymyxin B Sulfate

CAS#: 1405-20-5

Chemical Formula: C56H100N16O17S

Exact Mass:

Molecular Weight: 1301.57

Elemental Analysis: C, 51.68; H, 7.74; N, 17.22; O, 20.90; S, 2.46

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
1g USD 150.00
2g USD 250.00
5g USD 550.00
10g USD 950.00
20g USD 1,450.00
50g USD 2,250.00
100g USD 3,450.00
200g USD 4,650.00
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Related CAS #
No Data
Synonym
KS-1428; KS 1428; KS1428; Polymyxin B Sulfate.
IUPAC/Chemical Name
N-[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3S,6S,9S,12S,15R,18R,21S)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-15-benzyl-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methyloctanamide;sulfuric acid
InChi Key
HFMDLUQUEXNBOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C56H98N16O13.H2O4S/c1-7-32(4)13-11-12-16-44(75)63-36(17-23-57)51(80)72-46(34(6)74)56(85)68-39(20-26-60)48(77)67-41-22-28-62-55(84)45(33(5)73)71-52(81)40(21-27-61)65-47(76)37(18-24-58)66-53(82)42(29-31(2)3)69-54(83)43(30-35-14-9-8-10-15-35)70-49(78)38(19-25-59)64-50(41)79;1-5(2,3)4/h8-10,14-15,31-34,36-43,45-46,73-74H,7,11-13,16-30,57-61H2,1-6H3,(H,62,84)(H,63,75)(H,64,79)(H,65,76)(H,66,82)(H,67,77)(H,68,85)(H,69,83)(H,70,78)(H,71,81)(H,72,80);(H2,1,2,3,4)
SMILES Code
CCC(C)CCCCC(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC1CCNC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC1=O)CCN)CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC(C)C)CCN)CCN)C(C)O.OS(=O)(=O)O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
Total Nitrogen: 15.0 to 16.0 %(calcd.on anh.substance); Specific rotation [a]20/D: -76.0 to -82.0 deg (C=2, H2O) (calcd.on anh.substance); Water: max. 10.0 %; Phenylalanine: 9.0 to 12.0 %.
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Polymyxin B Sulfate is a potent antibacterial agent and a relatively toxic antibiotic. Polymyxin B Sulfate also is a antiendotoxin agent.
In vitro activity:
This study assesses the ability of PMB (polymyxin B) to neutralize the immune-stimulatory properties of OMVs whilst modulating the uptake of OMVs in human immune cells. This study shows for the first time that PMB increases immune cell uptake of Escherichia coli derived OMVs whilst inhibiting TNF and IL-1β production. Reference: J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2023 Apr 4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37016014/
In vivo activity:
This study aims to explore whether polymyxin B could reduce necroptosis in the stroke rat brain via enhancing the ESCRT-III machinery and/or suppressing the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway. The stroke rats showed evident brain injury, concomitant with the downregulation of ESCRT-III subunits and the upregulation of necroptosis-relevant proteins. Post-ischemic administration of polymyxin B could alleviate the brain injury, accompanied by restoration of the levels of ESCRT-III subunits and suppression of necroptosis-relevant proteins. And, polymyxin B exerted similar effects in hypoxia-treated HT22 cells. Reference: J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2022 Oct;15(5):1129-1142. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35239171/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 33.3 2.56
PBS (pH 7.2) 2.0 1.54
Water 16.7 12.81
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 1,301.57 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Whitehead B, Antennuci F, Boysen AT, Nejsum P. Polymyxin B inhibits pro-inflammatory effects of E. coli outer membrane vesicles whilst increasing immune cell uptake and clearance. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2023 Apr 4. doi: 10.1038/s41429-023-00615-0. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37016014. 2. Kagi T, Naganuma R, Inoue A, Noguchi T, Hamano S, Sekiguchi Y, Hwang GW, Hirata Y, Matsuzawa A. The polypeptide antibiotic polymyxin B acts as a pro-inflammatory irritant by preferentially targeting macrophages. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2022 Jan;75(1):29-39. doi: 10.1038/s41429-021-00490-7. Epub 2021 Nov 25. PMID: 34824374. 3. Xiao G, Yuan F, Deng Y, Xiang D, Xiong L, Li X, Li Y. Polymyxin B exerts nephrotoxicity effects via inhibition of the Nrf2/NQO1 pathway-mediated antioxidant response. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2023 Mar 29:e23344. doi: 10.1002/jbt.23344. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36992629. 4. Tian J, Zhang YY, Peng YW, Liu B, Zhang XJ, Hu ZY, Hu CP, Luo XJ, Peng J. Polymyxin B Reduces Brain Injury in Ischemic Stroke Rat Through a Mechanism Involving Targeting ESCRT-III Machinery and RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL Pathway. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2022 Oct;15(5):1129-1142. doi: 10.1007/s12265-022-10224-1. Epub 2022 Mar 3. PMID: 35239171.
In vitro protocol:
1. Whitehead B, Antennuci F, Boysen AT, Nejsum P. Polymyxin B inhibits pro-inflammatory effects of E. coli outer membrane vesicles whilst increasing immune cell uptake and clearance. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2023 Apr 4. doi: 10.1038/s41429-023-00615-0. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37016014. 2. Kagi T, Naganuma R, Inoue A, Noguchi T, Hamano S, Sekiguchi Y, Hwang GW, Hirata Y, Matsuzawa A. The polypeptide antibiotic polymyxin B acts as a pro-inflammatory irritant by preferentially targeting macrophages. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2022 Jan;75(1):29-39. doi: 10.1038/s41429-021-00490-7. Epub 2021 Nov 25. PMID: 34824374.
In vivo protocol:
1. Xiao G, Yuan F, Deng Y, Xiang D, Xiong L, Li X, Li Y. Polymyxin B exerts nephrotoxicity effects via inhibition of the Nrf2/NQO1 pathway-mediated antioxidant response. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2023 Mar 29:e23344. doi: 10.1002/jbt.23344. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36992629. 2. Tian J, Zhang YY, Peng YW, Liu B, Zhang XJ, Hu ZY, Hu CP, Luo XJ, Peng J. Polymyxin B Reduces Brain Injury in Ischemic Stroke Rat Through a Mechanism Involving Targeting ESCRT-III Machinery and RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL Pathway. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2022 Oct;15(5):1129-1142. doi: 10.1007/s12265-022-10224-1. Epub 2022 Mar 3. PMID: 35239171.
1: Wang L, Liu S, Liang W, Li D, Yang J, He Y. Detection of DNA utilizing a fluorescent reversible change of a biosensor based on the electron transfer from quantum dots to polymyxin B sulfate. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2015 Jun 15;448:257-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.02.034. Epub 2015 Feb 23. PubMed PMID: 25744859. 2: Kong L, Liu Z, Liu S, Wu L, Tian F. Direct determination of polymyxin B sulfate using resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non-linear scattering methods with hexatungstate. Luminescence. 2014 Feb;29(1):29-35. doi: 10.1002/bio.2471. Epub 2013 Jan 9. PubMed PMID: 23299991. 3: He J, Figueroa DA, Lim TP, Chow DS, Tam VH. Stability of polymyxin B sulfate diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and stored at 4 or 25 degrees C. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2010 Jul 15;67(14):1191-4. doi: 10.2146/ajhp090472. PubMed PMID: 20592326. 4: Jiang CQ, He JX, Wang JS. [Studies on the interaction mode between polymyxin B sulfate and DNA with EB as a fluorescence probe]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2002 Feb;22(1):103-6. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 12940041. 5: Saito M, Hoshi M, Igarashi A, Ogata H, Edo K. The marked inhibition of the bitter taste of Polymyxin B sulfate and trimethoprim x sulfamethoxazole by flavored BMI-60 in pediatric patients. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 Sep;22(9):997-8. PubMed PMID: 10513631. 6: Osher RH, Amdahl LD, Cheetham JK. Antimicrobial efficacy and aqueous humor concentration of preoperative and postoperative topical trimethoprim/polymyxin B sulfate versus tobramycin. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1994 Jan;20(1):3-8. PubMed PMID: 8133476. 7: Coyne CP, Fenwick BW. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha synthesis by polymyxin B sulfate. Am J Vet Res. 1993 Feb;54(2):305-14. PubMed PMID: 8430940. 8: Jaafar RB, Pettit JH, Lumpur K, Gibson JR, Harvey SG, Marks P. Trimethoprim-polymyxin B sulfate cream versus fusidic acid cream in the treatment of pyodermas: an update. Int J Dermatol. 1991 Oct;30(10):746. PubMed PMID: 1955234. 9: Subramoniam A, Padh H, Aleo JJ. Polymyxin B sulfate-induced pH-dependent increase in calcium influx in cultured fibroblasts. Biochem Med Metab Biol. 1986 Feb;35(1):65-71. PubMed PMID: 3022774. 10: Rott Z, Hammer I, Nagy G. [Polymyxin B sulfate-induced non-specific bronchial provocation in bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis]. Orv Hetil. 1985 Feb 24;126(8):449-52. Hungarian. PubMed PMID: 2984629. 11: Wu BJ, Thompson ST. Selective medium for Pseudomonas cepacia containing 9-chloro-9-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-10-phenylacridan and polymyxin B sulfate. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Oct;48(4):743-6. PubMed PMID: 6095757; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC241605. 12: Issekutz AC, Biggar WD. Effect of methylprednisolone and polymyxin B sulfate on endotoxin-induced inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis. J Lab Clin Med. 1978 Dec;92(6):873-82. PubMed PMID: 216758. 13: Bannatyne RM, Harnett NM, Cheung R. Protective effect of polymyxin B sulfate in experimental meningococcal infection in mice. Can J Microbiol. 1977 Nov;23(11):1526-8. PubMed PMID: 200329. 14: Vasil'ev VK, Koroleva VG. [Results of an experimental study of the pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B sulfate]. Antibiotiki. 1976 Jul;21(7):621-4. Russian. PubMed PMID: 182072. 15: Cotlier E, Apple D. Cataracts induced by the polypeptide antibiotic polymyxin B sulfate. Exp Eye Res. 1973 Jun;16(1):69-77. PubMed PMID: 4352399. 16: Corrigan JJ Jr, Bell BM. Endotoxin-induced intravascular coagulation: prevention with polymyxin B sulfate. J Lab Clin Med. 1971 May;77(5):802-10. PubMed PMID: 4326749. 17: Gruninger RP, Howe CW. Temporal protection of chick embryo against endotoxin by isoproterenol, polymyxin B sulfate, and hydrocortisone. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1969 Apr;130(4):1202-5. PubMed PMID: 4305351. 18: Vinnicombe J, Stamey TA. The relative nephrotoxicities of polymyxin B sulfate, sodium sulfomethyl-polymyxin B, sodium sulfomethyl-colistin (colymycin), and neomycin sulfate. Invest Urol. 1969 Mar;6(5):505-19. PubMed PMID: 4304849. 19: Shikata T, Shimizu M, Sugata S. [Evaluation of intraperitoneal administration of polymyxin B sulfate]. Shujutsu. 1968 Apr;22(4):418-24. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 4301651. 20: Marshall FN, Massad EN. Interference with fibrin stabilization by polymyxin B sulfate. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1967 Jun;125(2):420-3. PubMed PMID: 4291164.