Synonym
Methoxamine Hydrochloride; METHOXAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; Methoxamine HCl; Idasal; Vasoxyl hydrochloride; Vasylox hydrochloride; Vasylox; Wellcome Brand of Methoxamine Hydrochloride;Wellcome, Metoxamine;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
2-amino-1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol;hydrochloride
InChi Key
YGRFXPCHZBRUKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C11H17NO3.ClH/c1-7(12)11(13)9-6-8(14-2)4-5-10(9)15-3;/h4-7,11,13H,12H2,1-3H3;1H
SMILES Code
CC(C(C1=C(C=CC(=C1)OC)OC)O)N.Cl
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
Methoxamine Hydrochloride is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral vasoconstriction.
In vitro activity:
In vitro, methoxamine racemate and phenylephrine were similarly potent in causing contraction of IAS strips (mean(s.e.m.) dose giving half maximal effect (EC(50)) at 74.7(16.5) versus 58.3(13.4) micro M respectively; P = 0.443).
Reference: Br J Surg. 2003 Jul;90(7):872-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12854116/
In vivo activity:
Rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups: (1) 35 mg/kg ketamine + 5 mg/kg xylazine; (2) 0.5 mL/kg hypnorm + 3 mg/kg midazolam; (3) 35 mg/kg ketamine + 20 mg/kg propofol. Anesthesia was maintained by 1.5% isoflurane. Concomitant infusion of methoxamine (17 μg/kg/min for 40 minutes) and dofetilide (10 μg/kg/min for 30 minutes) was used to induce arrhythmias. Sole methoxamine infusion exclusively decreased HR in groups 1 and 3.
Reference: J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2015 Jan;26(1):82-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25154623/
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
247.72
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Jones OM, Thompson JM, Brading AF, Mortensen NJ. L-Erythro-methoxamine is more potent than phenylephrine in effecting contraction of internal anal sphincter in vitro. Br J Surg. 2003 Jul;90(7):872-6. doi: 10.1002/bjs.4120. PMID: 12854116.
2. Martínez ML, Delgado C. Methoxamine inhibits transient outward potassium current through alpha1A-adrenoceptors in rat ventricular myocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2000 Feb;35(2):212-8. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200002000-00006. PMID: 10672852.
3. Varkevisser R, Vos MA, Beekman JD, Tieland RG, Van Der Heyden MA. AV-block and conduction slowing prevail over TdP arrhythmias in the methoxamine-sensitized pro-arrhythmic rabbit model. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2015 Jan;26(1):82-9. doi: 10.1111/jce.12533. Epub 2014 Sep 19. PMID: 25154623.
4. Yang YY, Huang YT, Tsai TH, Hou MC, Lee FY, Lee SD, Lin HC. Kupffer cell depletion attenuates leptin-mediated methoxamine-stimulated portal perfusion pressure and thromboxane A2 release in a rodent model of NASH-cirrhosis. Clin Sci (Lond). 2012 Dec;123(12):669-80. doi: 10.1042/CS20110572. PMID: 22734967.
In vitro protocol:
1. Jones OM, Thompson JM, Brading AF, Mortensen NJ. L-Erythro-methoxamine is more potent than phenylephrine in effecting contraction of internal anal sphincter in vitro. Br J Surg. 2003 Jul;90(7):872-6. doi: 10.1002/bjs.4120. PMID: 12854116.
2. Martínez ML, Delgado C. Methoxamine inhibits transient outward potassium current through alpha1A-adrenoceptors in rat ventricular myocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2000 Feb;35(2):212-8. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200002000-00006. PMID: 10672852.
In vivo protocol:
1. Varkevisser R, Vos MA, Beekman JD, Tieland RG, Van Der Heyden MA. AV-block and conduction slowing prevail over TdP arrhythmias in the methoxamine-sensitized pro-arrhythmic rabbit model. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2015 Jan;26(1):82-9. doi: 10.1111/jce.12533. Epub 2014 Sep 19. PMID: 25154623.
2. Yang YY, Huang YT, Tsai TH, Hou MC, Lee FY, Lee SD, Lin HC. Kupffer cell depletion attenuates leptin-mediated methoxamine-stimulated portal perfusion pressure and thromboxane A2 release in a rodent model of NASH-cirrhosis. Clin Sci (Lond). 2012 Dec;123(12):669-80. doi: 10.1042/CS20110572. PMID: 22734967.
1: Bell D, Duffin A, Gruss HJ, Pediconi C, Jacobs A. A randomised, controlled,
crossover study to investigate the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety
of 1R,2S-methoxamine hydrochloride (NRL001) in healthy elderly subjects.
Colorectal Dis. 2014 Mar;16 Suppl 1:27-35. doi: 10.1111/codi.12543. PubMed PMID:
24499494.
2: Simpson JA, Bush D, Gruss HJ, Jacobs A, Pediconi C, Scholefield JH. A
randomised, controlled, crossover study to investigate the safety and response of
1R,2S-methoxamine hydrochloride (NRL001) on anal function in healthy volunteers.
Colorectal Dis. 2014 Mar;16 Suppl 1:5-15. doi: 10.1111/codi.12541. PubMed PMID:
24499492.
3: BRILL IC, KRUEGER JD, McCAWLEY EL. Restoration of sinus rhythm in experimental
and clinical ventricular arrhythmias by methoxamine hydrochloride. Am J Cardiol.
1959 Mar;3(3):307-13. PubMed PMID: 13626865.
4: COCKREM F. Effect of a sympathomimetic agent (methoxamine hydrochloride) on
growth of hair in the house mouse (Mus musculus). Nature. 1959 Feb
28;183(4661):614-5. English, French. PubMed PMID: 13632814.
5: DURHAM JR. Severe reaction to methoxamine hydrochloride; report of a case
occurring during treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. J Am Med
Assoc. 1958 Aug 9;167(15):1835-7. PubMed PMID: 13563189.
6: LAHTI RE, BRILL IC, MCCAWLEY EL. The effect of methoxamine hydrochloride
(vasoxyl) on cardiac rhythm. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1955 Nov;115(3):268-74. PubMed
PMID: 13272176.
7: NEW AND nonofficial remedies: methoxamine hydrochloride. J Am Med Assoc. 1954
May 8;155(2):124-5. PubMed PMID: 13151899.
8: CHOTKOWSKI LA, POWELL CP, RACKLIFFE RL. Methoxamine hydrochloride in the
treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; report of three cases. N
Engl J Med. 1954 Apr 22;250(16):674-6. PubMed PMID: 13154605.
9: Lee JC, Fripp RR, Downing SE. Myocardial responses to alpha-adrenoceptor
stimulation with methoxamine hydrochloride in lambs. Am J Physiol. 1982
Mar;242(3):H405-10. PubMed PMID: 6278955.
10: ZIMDAHL WT. Use of methoxamine hydrochloride in treatment of paroxysmal
supraventricular tachycardia. N Y State J Med. 1963 Jul 15;63:2101-4. PubMed
PMID: 14003671.
11: SHECTOR WE, McLAUGHLIN JT, DOWLING C. Ventricular arrythmia induced by
methoxamine hydrochloride. J Am Med Assoc. 1955 Jul 23;158(12):1025-6. PubMed
PMID: 14392049.
12: POE MF. Use of methoxamine hydrochloride as a pressor agent during spinal
analgesia. Anesthesiology. 1952 Jan;13(1):89-93. PubMed PMID: 14894846.
