Synonym
Levonordefrin, Corbadrine, Nordefrin, Neo-Cobefrine, α-methylnorepinephrine
IUPAC/Chemical Name
4-[(1R,2S)-2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]benzene-1,2-diol
InChi Key
GEFQWZLICWMTKF-CDUCUWFYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-5(10)9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-5,9,11-13H,10H2,1H3/t5-,9-/m0/s1
SMILES Code
OC1=CC=C([C@@H](O)[C@@H](N)C)C=C1O
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
Levonordefrin, a common alternative to levoepinephrine as a vasoconstrictor in dental local anesthetic preparations, is usually used in fivefold higher concentrations.
|
Solvent |
mg/mL |
mM |
comments |
| Solubility |
| DMF |
30.0 |
163.75 |
|
| DMSO |
30.0 |
163.75 |
|
| Ethanol |
30.0 |
163.75 |
|
| PBS (pH 7.2) |
5.0 |
27.29 |
|
| Water |
5.0 |
27.29 |
|
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
183.20
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
1: Lawaty I, Drum M, Reader A, Nusstein J. A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of 2% mepivacaine with 1 : 20,000 levonordefrin versus 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine for maxillary infiltrations. Anesth Prog. 2010 Winter;57(4):139-44. doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-57.4.139. PubMed PMID: 21174567; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3006661.
2: Simone JL, Tortamano N, Armonia PL, Rocha RG. Cardiovascular alterations caused by the administration of 2% mepivacaine HCl with 1:20,000 levonordefrin (Carbocain) in dogs. Braz Dent J. 1997;8(2):85-90. PubMed PMID: 9590931.
3: MOOSE S. Clinical evaluation of levonordefrin in local anesthetics. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1959 Jul;12(7):838-45. PubMed PMID: 13674683.
4: Guglielmo A, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Weaver J. Anesthetic efficacy and heart rate effects of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% mepivacaine with 1:20,000 levonordefrin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999 Mar;87(3):284-93. PubMed PMID: 10102587.
5: Hinkley SA, Reader A, Beck M, Meyers WJ. An evaluation of 4% prilocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 2% mepivacaine with 1:20,000 levonordefrin compared with 2% lidocaine with:100,000 epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve block. Anesth Prog. 1991 May-Jun;38(3):84-9. PubMed PMID: 1814249; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2161976.
6: Mito RS, Yagiela JA. Hypertensive response to levonordefrin in a patient receiving propranolol: report of case. J Am Dent Assoc. 1988 Jan;116(1):55-7. PubMed PMID: 3278028.
7: Dreyer AC, Offermeier J. The influence of desipramine on the blood pressure elevation and heart rate stimulation by levonordefrin and felypressin alone and in the presence of local anaesthetics. J Dent Assoc S Afr. 1986 Sep;41(9):615-8. PubMed PMID: 3547776.
8: Robertson VJ, Taylor SE, Gage TW. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the pressor effects of levonordefrin. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1984 Sep-Oct;6(5):929-35. PubMed PMID: 6209502.
9: Smith RB, High P, Spatz S, Zubrow H. Effects of levonordefrin injection during enflurane anesthesia. J Oral Surg. 1974 Jul;32(7):506-7. PubMed PMID: 4525418.
