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MedKoo Cat#: 318098 | Name: Levodopa free base
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Levodopa is a chemical that is made and used as part of the normal biology of humans, some animals and plants. Some animals and humans make it via biosynthesis from the amino acid L-tyrosine. Levodopa is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline) collectively known as catecholamines. Furthermore, L-DOPA itself mediates neurotrophic factor release by the brain and CNS.

Chemical Structure

Levodopa free base
CAS#59-92-7 (free base)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 318098

Name: Levodopa free base

CAS#: 59-92-7 (free base)

Chemical Formula: C9H11NO4

Exact Mass: 197.0688

Molecular Weight: 197.19

Elemental Analysis: C, 54.82; H, 5.62; N, 7.10; O, 32.46

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
25g USD 250.00 2 Weeks
100g USD 550.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
1421-65-4 (HCl) 59-92-7 (free base)
Synonym
Levodopa, L-DOPA, Dopar, Sinemet, Pharmacopa, Atamet, Stalevo, Madopar, Prolopa
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
InChi Key
WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C9H11NO4/c10-6(9(13)14)3-5-1-2-7(11)8(12)4-5/h1-2,4,6,11-12H,3,10H2,(H,13,14)/t6-/m0/s1
SMILES Code
O=C(O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an orally active metabolic precursor of neurotransmitters dopamine.
In vitro activity:
SH-SY5Y cells were treated with CA (carnosic acid) for 18 h, and then co-treated with 400 μM L-dopa for the indicated time points. The results showed that pretreatment of CA attenuated the cell death and nuclear condensation induced by L-dopa. In conclusion, CA ameliorates the development of LID via regulating the D1R signaling and prevents L-dopa-induced apoptotic cell death through modulating the ERK1/2-c-Jun and inducing the parkin. Reference: Front Pharmacol. 2021 Aug 9;12:703894. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34434108/
In vivo activity:
These results confirm our previous findings that rotenone-induced motor and non-motor problems were alleviated by the Active diet (AD). Levodopa showed an additive beneficial effect on rotarod performance in rotenone-treated mice fed with the AD. Reference: Front Aging Neurosci. 2018 Aug 3;10:237. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127735/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
Water 1.0 5.00
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 197.19 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Lai CY, Lin CY, Wu CR, Tsai CH, Tsai CW. Carnosic Acid Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia and Cell Death in 6-Hydroxydopamine-lesioned Rats and in SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Aug 9;12:703894. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.703894. PMID: 34434108; PMCID: PMC8381221. 2. Li Z, Li X, He X, Jia X, Zhang X, Lu B, Zhao J, Lu J, Chen L, Dong Z, Liu K, Dong Z. Proteomics Reveal the Inhibitory Mechanism of Levodopa Against Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Sep 25;11:568459. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568459. PMID: 33101026; PMCID: PMC7546765. 3. Perez-Pardo P, Broersen LM, Kliest T, van Wijk N, Attali A, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD. Additive Effects of Levodopa and a Neurorestorative Diet in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018 Aug 3;10:237. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00237. PMID: 30127735; PMCID: PMC6088190. 4. Park HJ, Joo HS, Kim YH, Kwon OK, Lee J, Kim ES, Moon DE. Anti-allodynic effects of levodopa in neuropathic rats. Yonsei Med J. 2013 Mar 1;54(2):330-5. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.2.330. PMID: 23364964; PMCID: PMC3575974.
In vitro protocol:
1. Lai CY, Lin CY, Wu CR, Tsai CH, Tsai CW. Carnosic Acid Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia and Cell Death in 6-Hydroxydopamine-lesioned Rats and in SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Aug 9;12:703894. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.703894. PMID: 34434108; PMCID: PMC8381221. 2. Li Z, Li X, He X, Jia X, Zhang X, Lu B, Zhao J, Lu J, Chen L, Dong Z, Liu K, Dong Z. Proteomics Reveal the Inhibitory Mechanism of Levodopa Against Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Sep 25;11:568459. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568459. PMID: 33101026; PMCID: PMC7546765.
In vivo protocol:
1. Perez-Pardo P, Broersen LM, Kliest T, van Wijk N, Attali A, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD. Additive Effects of Levodopa and a Neurorestorative Diet in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018 Aug 3;10:237. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00237. PMID: 30127735; PMCID: PMC6088190. 2. Park HJ, Joo HS, Kim YH, Kwon OK, Lee J, Kim ES, Moon DE. Anti-allodynic effects of levodopa in neuropathic rats. Yonsei Med J. 2013 Mar 1;54(2):330-5. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.2.330. PMID: 23364964; PMCID: PMC3575974.
1: Ricciardi L, Bove F, Espay KJ, Lena F, Modugno N, Poon YY, Krikorian R, Espay AJ, Fasano A. 24-Hour infusion of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel for nocturnal akinesia in advanced Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2016 Mar 4. doi: 10.1002/mds.26564. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 26946221. 2: Fleury V, Pollak P, Gere J, Tommasi G, Romito L, Combescure C, Bardinet E, Chabardes S, Momjian S, Krainik A, Burkhard P, Yelnik J, Krack P. Subthalamic stimulation may inhibit the beneficial effects of levodopa on akinesia and gait. Mov Disord. 2016 Feb 17. doi: 10.1002/mds.26545. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 26887333. 3: Rascol O, Perez-Lloret S, Ferreira JJ. New treatments for levodopa-induced motor complications. Mov Disord. 2015 Sep 15;30(11):1451-60. doi: 10.1002/mds.26362. Epub 2015 Aug 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 26293004. 4: Duopa--a carbidopa/levodopa enteral suspension for Parkinson's disease. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2015 Aug 3;57(1474):112. Review. PubMed PMID: 26218794. 5: Calabresi P, Ghiglieri V, Mazzocchetti P, Corbelli I, Picconi B. Levodopa-induced plasticity: a double-edged sword in Parkinson's disease? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015 Jul 5;370(1672). pii: 20140184. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0184. Review. PubMed PMID: 26009763; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4455753. 6: Niccolini F, Rocchi L, Politis M. Molecular imaging of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015 Jun;72(11):2107-17. doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-1854-x. Epub 2015 Feb 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 25681866. 7: Uncini A, Eleopra R, Onofrj M. Polyneuropathy associated with duodenal infusion of levodopa in Parkinson's disease: features, pathogenesis and management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015 May;86(5):490-5. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-308586. Epub 2014 Aug 28. Review. PubMed PMID: 25168395. 8: Kestenbaum M, Fahn S. Safety of IPX066 , an extended release carbidopa-levodopa formulation, for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2015 May;14(5):761-7. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1015986. Epub 2015 Feb 19. Review. PubMed PMID: 25697185. 9: Carbidopa/levodopa extended-release capsules (Rytary). Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2015 Apr 27;57(1467):59-60. Review. PubMed PMID: 25897548. 10: Stathis P, Konitsiotis S, Antonini A. Dopamine agonists early monotherapy for the delay of development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Expert Rev Neurother. 2015 Feb;15(2):207-13. doi: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1001747. Epub 2015 Jan 12. Review. PubMed PMID: 25578445. 11: Mosharov EV, Borgkvist A, Sulzer D. Presynaptic effects of levodopa and their possible role in dyskinesia. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):45-53. doi: 10.1002/mds.26103. Epub 2014 Dec 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 25450307; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4314471. 12: LeWitt PA. Levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):64-72. doi: 10.1002/mds.26082. Epub 2014 Dec 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 25449210. 13: Stoessl AJ. Central pharmacokinetics of levodopa: Lessons from imaging studies. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):73-9. doi: 10.1002/mds.26046. Epub 2014 Oct 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 25274160. 14: Siddiqi SH, Abraham NK, Geiger CL, Karimi M, Perlmutter JS, Black KJ. The Human Experience with Intravenous Levodopa. Front Pharmacol. 2016 Jan 6;6:307. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00307. eCollection 2015. Review. PubMed PMID: 26779024; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4701937. 15: Olanow CW. Levodopa: effect on cell death and the natural history of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):37-44. doi: 10.1002/mds.26119. Epub 2014 Dec 11. Review. PubMed PMID: 25502620. 16: Aquino CC, Fox SH. Clinical spectrum of levodopa-induced complications. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):80-9. doi: 10.1002/mds.26125. Epub 2014 Dec 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 25488260. 17: Poewe W, Antonini A. Novel formulations and modes of delivery of levodopa. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):114-20. doi: 10.1002/mds.26078. Epub 2014 Dec 5. Review. PubMed PMID: 25476691. 18: Ko JH, Lerner RP, Eidelberg D. Effects of levodopa on regional cerebral metabolism and blood flow. Mov Disord. 2015 Jan;30(1):54-63. doi: 10.1002/mds.26041. Epub 2014 Oct 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 25296957; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4314428. 19: Schaeffer E, Pilotto A, Berg D. Pharmacological strategies for the management of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease. CNS Drugs. 2014 Dec;28(12):1155-84. doi: 10.1007/s40263-014-0205-z. Review. PubMed PMID: 25342080. 20: Whitfield AC, Moore BT, Daniels RN. Classics in chemical neuroscience: levodopa. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2014 Dec 17;5(12):1192-7. doi: 10.1021/cn5001759. Epub 2014 Oct 10. Review. PubMed PMID: 25270271.