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MedKoo Cat#: 317979 | Name: Glycopyrrolate
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Glycopyrrolate is a medication of the muscarinic anticholinergic group. It does not cross the blood–brain barrier and consequently has no to few central effects. Glycopyrrolate is a synthetic anticholinergic agent with a quaternary ammonium structure. A muscarinic competitive antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics. A synthetic quaternary amine, it is available in oral and intravenous forms. It was developed by Sosei and licensed to Novartis in 2005.

Chemical Structure

Glycopyrrolate
Glycopyrrolate
CAS#596-51-0

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 317979

Name: Glycopyrrolate

CAS#: 596-51-0

Chemical Formula: C19H28BrNO3

Exact Mass: 397.1253

Molecular Weight: 398.34

Elemental Analysis: C, 57.29; H, 7.09; Br, 20.06; N, 3.52; O, 12.05

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
25mg USD 250.00 2 Weeks
100mg USD 450.00 2 Weeks
250mg USD 850.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
No Data
Synonym
Glycopyrrolate; Glycopyrronium bromide; Glycopyrrolate bromide; Robinul; Gastrodyn; Asecryl; NVA 237; NVA-237; NVA237; AHR 504; NSC 250836; NSC 251251; NSC 251252
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium-3-yl) 2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate bromide
InChi Key
VPNYRYCIDCJBOM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C19H28NO3.BrH/c1-20(2)13-12-17(14-20)23-18(21)19(22,16-10-6-7-11-16)15-8-4-3-5-9-15;/h3-5,8-9,16-17,22H,6-7,10-14H2,1-2H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
SMILES Code
C[N+]1(CCC(C1)OC(=O)C(C2CCCC2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O)C.[Br-]
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Glycopyrrolate (Glycopyrronium bromide) is a muscarinic competitive antagonist used as an antispasmodic.
In vitro activity:
TBD
In vivo activity:
TBD
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMF 30.0 75.31
DMSO 65.0 163.18
Ethanol 44.5 111.71
PBS (pH 7.2) 10.0 25.10
Water 89.5 224.68
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 398.34 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
TBD
In vitro protocol:
TBD
In vivo protocol:
TBD
1: Williams J, Cain N. Case report of successful treatment of pallid breath-holding spells with glycopyrrolate. Pediatrics. 2015 May;135(5):e1308-11. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-2456. Epub 2015 Apr 13. PubMed PMID: 25869368. 2: Leaker BR, Barnes PJ, Jones CR, Tutuncu A, Singh D. Efficacy and safety of nebulized glycopyrrolate for administration using a high efficiency nebulizer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Mar;79(3):492-500. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12517. PubMed PMID: 25243340; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4345959. 3: D'Sa DJ, Lechuga-Ballesteros D, Chan HK. Isothermal microcalorimetry of pressurized systems II: effect of excipient and water ingress on formulation stability of amorphous glycopyrrolate. Pharm Res. 2015 Feb;32(2):714-22. doi: 10.1007/s11095-014-1499-8. Epub 2014 Sep 6. PubMed PMID: 25193129. 4: Hyun MY, Son IP, Lee Y, Choi HG, Park KY, Li K, Kim BJ, Seo SJ, Kim MN, Hong CK. Efficacy and safety of topical glycopyrrolate in patients with facial hyperhidrosis: a randomized, multicentre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, split-face study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Feb;29(2):278-82. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12518. Epub 2014 Jun 9. PubMed PMID: 24909188. 5: Zuo L, Zhao Y, Ji F, Zhao M, Jiang Z, Sun T, Guo X. Determination of the enantiomeric and diastereomeric impurities of RS-glycopyrrolate by capillary electrophoresis using sulfated-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors. Electrophoresis. 2014 Dec;35(23):3339-44. doi: 10.1002/elps.201400170. Epub 2014 Oct 2. PubMed PMID: 25104517. 6: Blissit KT, Tillery E, Latham C, Pacheco-Perez J. Glycopyrrolate for treatment of clozapine-induced sialorrhea in adults. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2014 Aug 1;71(15):1282-7. doi: 10.2146/ajhp130636. Erratum in: Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2014 Sep 15;71(18):1532. PubMed PMID: 25027535. 7: Ittichaikulthol W, Pisitsak C, Wirachpisit N, Piathong P, Suyawet R, Komonhirun R. A comparison of the combination of atropine and glycopyrrolate with atropine alone for the reversal of muscle relaxant. J Med Assoc Thai. 2014 Jul;97(7):705-9. PubMed PMID: 25265768. 8: D'souza S, Gowler V. Glycopyrrolate-induced respiratory arrest: an unusual side effect. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015 Mar;59(3):406-7. doi: 10.1111/aas.12452. Epub 2015 Jan 5. PubMed PMID: 25557856. 9: Miles S, Massengill J, Gruber D, Speroni KG, Gaynor-Krupnick D. Does glycopyrrolate at anesthesia induction increase temporary postoperative urinary retention after a midurethral sling? J Clin Anesth. 2013 Nov;25(7):572-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2013.05.007. Epub 2013 Sep 2. PubMed PMID: 24008194. 10: Donnellan CM, Page PC, Nurton JP, van den Berg JS, Guthrie AJ. Comparison of glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses. Equine Vet J. 2013 Sep;45(5):625-9. doi: 10.1111/evj.12032. Epub 2013 Mar 5. PubMed PMID: 23461655. 11: Kaniszewska M, Rovner R, Arshanapalli A, Tung R. Oral glycopyrrolate for the treatment of Hailey-Hailey disease. JAMA Dermatol. 2015 Mar;151(3):328-9. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.4578. PubMed PMID: 25651401. 12: Kumar MG, Foreman RS, Berk DR, Bayliss SJ. Oral glycopyrrolate for refractory pediatric and adolescent hyperhidrosis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2014 Jan-Feb;31(1):e28-30. doi: 10.1111/pde.12236. Epub 2013 Nov 25. PubMed PMID: 24266878. 13: Rumpler MJ, Kandala B, Vickroy TW, Hochhaus G, Sams RA. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glycopyrrolate following a continuous-rate infusion in the horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Apr;37(2):133-44. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12074. Epub 2013 Jul 31. PubMed PMID: 23902283. 14: Hwang J, Min S, Kim C, Gil N, Kim E, Huh J. Prophylactic glycopyrrolate reduces hypotensive responses in elderly patients during spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. Can J Anaesth. 2014 Jan;61(1):32-8. doi: 10.1007/s12630-013-0064-y. Epub 2013 Dec 18. PubMed PMID: 24347351. 15: Kim HC, Lim SM, Seo H, Park HP. Effect of glycopyrrolate versus atropine coadministered with neostigmine for reversal of rocuronium on postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor: a prospective randomized study. J Anesth. 2015 Dec;29(6):831-5. doi: 10.1007/s00540-015-2064-2. Epub 2015 Aug 9. PubMed PMID: 26254585. 16: Dua J, Grabczynska S. Eccrine nevus affecting the forearm of an 11-year-old girl successfully controlled with topical glycopyrrolate. Pediatr Dermatol. 2014 Sep-Oct;31(5):611-2. doi: 10.1111/pde.12127. Epub 2013 Mar 28. PubMed PMID: 23534977. 17: Ngan Kee WD, Lee SW, Khaw KS, Ng FF. Haemodynamic effects of glycopyrrolate pre-treatment before phenylephrine infusion during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2013 Jul;22(3):179-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2013.03.008. Epub 2013 May 18. PubMed PMID: 23692706. 18: Praharaj SK, Munoli RN, Sharma PS. Low-dose glycopyrrolate for clozapine-associated sialorrhea. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2014 Jun;34(3):392. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000102. PubMed PMID: 24717248. 19: Rumpler MJ, Colahan P, Sams RA. The pharmacokinetics of glycopyrrolate in Standardbred horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Jun;37(3):260-8. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12085. Epub 2013 Dec 11. PubMed PMID: 24325462. 20: Mahler DA, Kerwin E, Ayers T, FowlerTaylor A, Maitra S, Thach C, Lloyd M, Patalano F, Banerji D. FLIGHT1 and FLIGHT2: Efficacy and Safety of QVA149 (Indacaterol/Glycopyrrolate) versus Its Monocomponents and Placebo in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Nov 1;192(9):1068-79. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201505-1048OC. PubMed PMID: 26177074.