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MedKoo Cat#: 317967 | Name: Gemfibrozil
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Gemfibrozil is a peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha agonist. The mechanism of action of gemfibrozil is as a Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor alpha Agonist. The chemical classification of gemfibrozil is PPAR alpha. Gemfibrozil is a lipid-regulating agent that lowers elevated serum lipids primarily by decreasing serum triglycerides with a variable reduction in total cholesterol.

Chemical Structure

Gemfibrozil
Gemfibrozil
CAS#25812-30-0

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 317967

Name: Gemfibrozil

CAS#: 25812-30-0

Chemical Formula: C15H22O3

Exact Mass: 250.1569

Molecular Weight: 250.34

Elemental Analysis: C, 71.97; H, 8.86; O, 19.17

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5g USD 250.00 2 Weeks
10g USD 400.00 2 Weeks
25g USD 650.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
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Synonym
Gemfibrozil; Lipur; Cholespid; Fibratol; Fibrocit; Gemfibril; Gemfibromax; Gemfibrozilo; CI-719; CI719; CI 719;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid
InChi Key
HEMJJKBWTPKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C15H22O3/c1-11-6-7-12(2)13(10-11)18-9-5-8-15(3,4)14(16)17/h6-7,10H,5,8-9H2,1-4H3,(H,16,17)
SMILES Code
CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C)OCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Gemfibrozil is an activator of PPAR-α, used as a lipid-lowering drug; Gemfibrozil is also a nonselective inhibitor of several P450 isoforms, with Ki values for CYP2C9, 2C19, 2C8, and 1A2 of 5.8, 24, 69, and 82 μM, respectively.
In vitro activity:
The level of cellular TG (triglycerides) was detected and was observed to be decreased by 43.8% at 50 µM GEM (gemfibrozil) compared with cells treated with 1 mM OA only (Fig. 2C). To further confirm the lipid changes in the cellular model, TLC analysis was performed. TLC results suggested that there was a decrease in TG levels in cells treated with 50 µM GEM compared with those treated with OA only (Fig. 2D). Taken together, GEM may lower the lipid accumulation in an in vitro model of NAFLD. The optimal concentration is 50 µM. Reference: Exp Ther Med. 2019 Feb;17(2):1282-1289. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30680004/
In vivo activity:
Finally, this study found that animals in the gemfibrozil treatment group showed significant improvement in locomotive activity (Fig. 1J), and in the frequency of supported rearing (Fig. 1L) and grooming (Fig. 1M), indicating a functional improvement in activities mediated by the striatum. In addition, treatment with gemfibrozil significantly improved motor coordination as measured by rotarod (Fig. 1K). Together, these results suggest that gemfibrozil protects the nigrostriatum and improves locomotor activities in the MPTP mouse model of PD. Reference: J Neurosci. 2021 Mar 10;41(10):2287-2300. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33514677/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMF 30.0 119.84
DMSO 55.3 221.03
Ethanol 40.0 159.78
Ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:1) 0.5 2.00
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 250.34 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Zhang X, Wang S, Hu L, Wang J, Liu Y, Shi P. Gemfibrozil reduces lipid accumulation in SMMC-7721 cells via the involvement of PPARα and SREBP1. Exp Ther Med. 2019 Feb;17(2):1282-1289. doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.7046. Epub 2018 Dec 5. PMID: 30680004; PMCID: PMC6327679. 2. Pahan K, Jana M, Liu X, Taylor BS, Wood C, Fischer SM. Gemfibrozil, a lipid-lowering drug, inhibits the induction of nitric-oxide synthase in human astrocytes. J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 29;277(48):45984-91. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M200250200. Epub 2002 Sep 18. PMID: 12244038; PMCID: PMC2045648. 3. Gottschalk CG, Jana M, Roy A, Patel DR, Pahan K. Gemfibrozil Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease via PPARα-Dependent Astrocytic GDNF Pathway. J Neurosci. 2021 Mar 10;41(10):2287-2300. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3018-19.2021. Epub 2021 Jan 29. PMID: 33514677; PMCID: PMC8018777. 4. Shields CA, Poudel B, McPherson KC, Brown AK, Ekperikpe US, Browning E, Sutton L, Cornelius DC, Williams JM. Treatment With Gemfibrozil Prevents the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Obese Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Front Physiol. 2020 Sep 18;11:566403. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.566403. PMID: 33071820; PMCID: PMC7533555.
In vitro protocol:
1. Zhang X, Wang S, Hu L, Wang J, Liu Y, Shi P. Gemfibrozil reduces lipid accumulation in SMMC-7721 cells via the involvement of PPARα and SREBP1. Exp Ther Med. 2019 Feb;17(2):1282-1289. doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.7046. Epub 2018 Dec 5. PMID: 30680004; PMCID: PMC6327679. 2. Pahan K, Jana M, Liu X, Taylor BS, Wood C, Fischer SM. Gemfibrozil, a lipid-lowering drug, inhibits the induction of nitric-oxide synthase in human astrocytes. J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 29;277(48):45984-91. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M200250200. Epub 2002 Sep 18. PMID: 12244038; PMCID: PMC2045648.
In vivo protocol:
1. Gottschalk CG, Jana M, Roy A, Patel DR, Pahan K. Gemfibrozil Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease via PPARα-Dependent Astrocytic GDNF Pathway. J Neurosci. 2021 Mar 10;41(10):2287-2300. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3018-19.2021. Epub 2021 Jan 29. PMID: 33514677; PMCID: PMC8018777. 2. Shields CA, Poudel B, McPherson KC, Brown AK, Ekperikpe US, Browning E, Sutton L, Cornelius DC, Williams JM. Treatment With Gemfibrozil Prevents the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Obese Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Front Physiol. 2020 Sep 18;11:566403. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.566403. PMID: 33071820; PMCID: PMC7533555.
1: Kjeldal H, Zhou NA, Wissenbach DK, von Bergen M, Gough HL, Nielsen JL. Genomic, Proteomic, and Metabolite Characterization of Gemfibrozil-Degrading Organism Bacillus sp. GeD10. Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Jan 19;50(2):744-55. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05003. Epub 2015 Dec 31. PubMed PMID: 26683816. 2: Henriques JF, Almeida AR, Andrade T, Koba O, Golovko O, Soares AM, Oliveira M, Domingues I. Effects of the lipid regulator drug gemfibrozil: A toxicological and behavioral perspective. Aquat Toxicol. 2016 Jan;170:355-64. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.09.017. Epub 2015 Oct 3. PubMed PMID: 26482382. 3: Kose D, Tarakci N, Celik ZE, Vatansev H, Cimbek EA, Ugras S, Sen Y, Caliskan U, Koksal Y. Effects of Prednisolone, L-Asparaginase, Gemfibrozil, and Combinations of These Elements on Mice Lipid Profile, Liver, and Pancreas. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2016 Jan;38(1):e42-9. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000484. PubMed PMID: 26599986. 4: Bussière-Côté S, Omlin T, de Càssia Pinheiro E, Weber JM. Gemfibrozil disrupts the metabolism of circulating lipids in bobwhite quails. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2016 Jan;179:137-43. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.09.011. Epub 2015 Sep 30. PubMed PMID: 26432161. 5: Yang SJ, Kim BJ, Mo L, Han HK. Alteration of the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of valsartan via the concurrent use of gemfibrozil in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2015 Dec 10. doi: 10.1002/bdd.2001. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26663350. 6: Al-Habsi AA, Massarsky A, Moon TW. Exposure to gemfibrozil and atorvastatin affects cholesterol metabolism and steroid production in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2015 Nov 25. pii: S1096-4959(15)00209-2. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.11.009. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26627126. 7: Kimoto E, Li R, Scialis RJ, Lai Y, Varma MV. Hepatic Disposition of Gemfibrozil and Its Major Metabolite Gemfibrozil 1-O-β-Glucuronide. Mol Pharm. 2015 Nov 2;12(11):3943-52. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00411. Epub 2015 Sep 30. PubMed PMID: 26378985. 8: Usyskin A, Bukhanovsky N, Borisover M. Interactions of triclosan, gemfibrozil and galaxolide with biosolid-amended soils: Effects of the level and nature of soil organic matter. Chemosphere. 2015 Nov;138:272-80. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.095. Epub 2015 Jun 16. PubMed PMID: 26091868. 9: Martín-Navarro JA, Petkov-Stoyanov V, Gutiérrez-Sánchez MJ, Pedraza-Cezón L. Acute renal failure secondary to interstitial acute nephritis and Fanconi syndrome for metamizole and gemfibrozil. Nefrologia. 2015 Aug 5. pii: S0211-6995(15)00107-1. doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2015.06.022. [Epub ahead of print] English, Spanish. PubMed PMID: 26306948. 10: Takagi M, Sakamoto M, Itoh T, Fujiwara R. Underlying mechanism of drug-drug interaction between pioglitazone and gemfibrozil: Gemfibrozil acyl-glucuronide is a mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP2C8. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2015 Aug;30(4):288-94. doi: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2015.05.001. Epub 2015 May 16. PubMed PMID: 26195223. 11: Varma MV, Lin J, Bi YA, Kimoto E, Rodrigues AD. Quantitative Rationalization of Gemfibrozil Drug Interactions: Consideration of Transporters-Enzyme Interplay and the Role of Circulating Metabolite Gemfibrozil 1-O-β-Glucuronide. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Jul;43(7):1108-18. doi: 10.1124/dmd.115.064303. Epub 2015 May 4. PubMed PMID: 25941268. 12: Sharina IG, Sobolevsky M, Papakyriakou A, Rukoyatkina N, Spyroulias GA, Gambaryan S, Martin E. The fibrate gemfibrozil is a NO- and haem-independent activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase: in vitro studies. Br J Pharmacol. 2015 May;172(9):2316-29. doi: 10.1111/bph.13055. Epub 2015 Feb 10. PubMed PMID: 25536881; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4403096. 13: Singh AP, Singh R, Krishan P. Ameliorative role of gemfibrozil against partial abdominal aortic constriction-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Cardiol Young. 2015 Apr;25(4):725-30. doi: 10.1017/S104795111400081X. Epub 2014 Jun 6. PubMed PMID: 24905340. 14: Cámara-Lemarroy CR, Guzman-DE LA Garza FJ, Cordero-Perez P, Ibarra-Hernandez JM, Muñoz-Espinosa LE, Fernandez-Garza NE. Gemfibrozil attenuates the inflammatory response and protects rats from abdominal sepsis. Exp Ther Med. 2015 Mar;9(3):1018-1022. Epub 2015 Jan 19. PubMed PMID: 25667670; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4316892. 15: Abdolmohammad-Zadeh H, Talleb Z. Magnetic solid phase extraction of gemfibrozil from human serum and pharmaceutical wastewater samples utilizing a β-cyclodextrin grafted graphene oxide-magnetite nano-hybrid. Talanta. 2015 Mar;134:387-93. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.054. Epub 2014 Dec 2. PubMed PMID: 25618684. 16: Abtahi-Naeini B, Sadeghiyan H, Adibi N, Shokrollahi MR, Pourazizi M. Bullous dermatosis of childhood induced by gemfibrozil. J Res Med Sci. 2015 Feb;20(2):207-8. PubMed PMID: 25983779; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4400721. 17: Rai H, Dhaneshwar SS. Amide-linked Ethanolamine Conjugate of Gemfibrozil as a Profound HDL Enhancer: Design, Synthesis, Pharmacological Screening and Docking Study. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2015;12(3):155-69. PubMed PMID: 26285608. 18: Gutierrez-Macias T, Nacheva PM. Clofibric acid and gemfibrozil removal in membrane bioreactors. Water Sci Technol. 2015;71(8):1143-50. doi: 10.2166/wst.2015.079. PubMed PMID: 25909723. 19: Siavash M, Amini M. Vitamin C may have similar beneficial effects to Gemfibrozil on serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients. J Res Pharm Pract. 2014 Jul;3(3):77-82. doi: 10.4103/2279-042X.141075. PubMed PMID: 25328896; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4199195. 20: Krkosek WH, Peldszus S, Huck PM, Gagnon GA. Formation kinetics of gemfibrozil chlorination reaction products: analysis and application. Water Environ Res. 2014 Jul;86(7):654-62. PubMed PMID: 25112033.