Synonym
Iohexol, Omnipaque, Exypaque, Accudenz, Histodenz, Nycodenz
IUPAC/Chemical Name
N1,N3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-(N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide
InChi Key
NTHXOOBQLCIOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C19H26I3N3O9/c1-8(29)25(4-11(32)7-28)17-15(21)12(18(33)23-2-9(30)5-26)14(20)13(16(17)22)19(34)24-3-10(31)6-27/h9-11,26-28,30-32H,2-7H2,1H3,(H,23,33)(H,24,34)
SMILES Code
CC(=O)N(CC(CO)O)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
Iohexol is a radiographic contrast agent and can be applied for myelography, computerized tomography (cisternography, ventriculography) and MicroCT imaging in vivo.
In vitro activity:
Moreover, iohexol activated WT skin MCs and MrgprB2-HEK293 cells, which led to increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations (Fig. 2E and F). Iohexol caused degranulation of WT skin MCs in vitro, which led to the dose-dependent release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine (Fig. 2G and H).
Reference: Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 May;137:111323. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33524790/
In vivo activity:
An intravenous bolus of iohexol was administered to goats (13 measurements in n = 3 goats) and pigs (23 measurements in n = 5 pigs) before and after induction of kidney failure, followed by frequent blood sampling up to 1440 min. Plasma clearance (CL) was estimated by a nonlinear mixed-effects model (CLNLME) and by a one-compartmental pharmacokinetic disposition model using iohexol plasma concentrations during the terminal elimination phase (CL1CMT). A simple method for measurement of GFR in healthy and uremic goats and pigs was successfully developed, which eliminates the need for continuous infusion of an exogenous marker, urine collection and frequent blood sampling.
Reference: Biology (Basel). 2021 May 23;10(6):461. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34071069/
|
Solvent |
mg/mL |
mM |
| Solubility |
| DMF |
10.0 |
12.18 |
| DMSO |
53.3 |
64.95 |
| Ethanol |
100.0 |
121.78 |
| PBS (pH 7.2) |
10.0 |
12.18 |
| Water |
75.0 |
91.34 |
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
821.14
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Yuan F, Zhang C, Sun M, Wu D, Cheng L, Pan B, Li T, Che D. MRGPRX2 mediates immediate-type pseudo-allergic reactions induced by iodine-containing iohexol. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 May;137:111323. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111323. Epub 2021 Jan 29. PMID: 33524790.
2. Danila D, Partha R, Elrod DB, Lackey M, Casscells SW, Conyers JL. Antibody-labeled liposomes for CT imaging of atherosclerotic plaques: in vitro investigation of an anti-ICAM antibody-labeled liposome containing iohexol for molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques via computed tomography. Tex Heart Inst J. 2009;36(5):393-403. PMID: 19876414; PMCID: PMC2763481.
3. van Gelder MK, Stevens J, Pieters TT, Vaessen KRD, Joles JA, Verhaar MC, Gerritsen KGF. Simplified Iohexol-Based Method for Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Goats and Pigs. Biology (Basel). 2021 May 23;10(6):461. doi: 10.3390/biology10060461. PMID: 34071069; PMCID: PMC8224736.
4. Baklouti S, Concordet D, Borromeo V, Pocar P, Scarpa P, Cagnardi P. Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Iohexol in Dogs to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate and Optimize Sampling Time. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 29;12:634404. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.634404. PMID: 33995036; PMCID: PMC8116701.
In vitro protocol:
1. Yuan F, Zhang C, Sun M, Wu D, Cheng L, Pan B, Li T, Che D. MRGPRX2 mediates immediate-type pseudo-allergic reactions induced by iodine-containing iohexol. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 May;137:111323. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111323. Epub 2021 Jan 29. PMID: 33524790.
2. Danila D, Partha R, Elrod DB, Lackey M, Casscells SW, Conyers JL. Antibody-labeled liposomes for CT imaging of atherosclerotic plaques: in vitro investigation of an anti-ICAM antibody-labeled liposome containing iohexol for molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques via computed tomography. Tex Heart Inst J. 2009;36(5):393-403. PMID: 19876414; PMCID: PMC2763481.
In vivo protocol:
1. van Gelder MK, Stevens J, Pieters TT, Vaessen KRD, Joles JA, Verhaar MC, Gerritsen KGF. Simplified Iohexol-Based Method for Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Goats and Pigs. Biology (Basel). 2021 May 23;10(6):461. doi: 10.3390/biology10060461. PMID: 34071069; PMCID: PMC8224736.
2. Baklouti S, Concordet D, Borromeo V, Pocar P, Scarpa P, Cagnardi P. Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Iohexol in Dogs to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate and Optimize Sampling Time. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 29;12:634404. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.634404. PMID: 33995036; PMCID: PMC8116701.
1: Spinler SA, Nawarskas JJ, Boyce EG, Connors JE, Charland SL, Goldfarb S. Predictive performance of ten equations for estimating creatinine clearance in cardiac patients. Iohexol Cooperative Study Group. Ann Pharmacother. 1998 Dec;32(12):1275-83. Review. PubMed PMID: 9876806.
2: Yeh YF, Lin SK, Sung CY, Chu CC, Wu YR. Case report: Pontine haemorrhage following iohexol lumbar myelography. Br J Radiol. 1996 Apr;69(820):368-70. Review. PubMed PMID: 8665142.
3: Aurell M. Accurate and feasible measurements of GFR--is the iohexol clearance the answer? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1994;9(9):1222-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 7816278.
4: Davies AM, Evans N, Chandy J. Outpatient lumbar radiculography: comparison of iopamidol and iohexol and a literature review. Br J Radiol. 1989 Aug;62(740):716-23. Review. PubMed PMID: 2670034.
5: Bories J. [Iohexol in studies of the spinal canal. Multicenter study]. J Radiol. 1988 Nov;69(11):675-9. Review. French. PubMed PMID: 3070021.
6: Kawada TK. Iohexol and iopamidol: second-generation nonionic radiographic contrast media. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1985 Jul-Aug;19(7-8):525-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 3896713.
7: Shaw DD, Potts DG. Toxicology of iohexol. Invest Radiol. 1985 Jan-Feb;20(1 Suppl):S10-3. Review. PubMed PMID: 3882609.
8: Almén T. Experimental investigations with iohexol and their clinical relevance. Acta Radiol Suppl. 1983;366:9-19. Review. PubMed PMID: 6206690.
9: Nilsson-Ehle P, Grubb A. New markers for the determination of GFR: iohexol clearance and cystatin C serum concentration. Kidney Int Suppl. 1994 Nov;47:S17-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 7869664.
10: Van de Kelft E, Bosmans J, Parizel PM, Van Vyve M, Selosse P. Intracerebral hemorrhage after lumbar myelography with iohexol: report of a case and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 1991 Apr;28(4):570-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 2034352.
11: Sviridov NK. [Use of iohexol for myelography]. Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko. 1987 Mar-Apr;(2):50-2. Review. Russian. PubMed PMID: 3296588.
