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MedKoo Cat#: 319595 | Name: Paquinimod
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Paquinimod, also known as ABR‑215757, is a S100A9 inhibitor preventing S100A9 binding to TLR-4. Paquinimod reduces pathology in experimental collagenase-induced osteoarthritis. Paquinimod treatment of collagenase-induced OA (CIOA) resulted in significantly reduced synovial thickening (57%), osteophyte size at the medial femur (66%) and cruciate ligaments (67%) and cartilage damage at the medial tibia (47%) and femur (75%; n=7, untreated n=6). Paquinimod reduces leukocyte recruitment during sterile inflammation. Paquinimod also reduced priming of proinflammatory effector CD4(+) T cells.

Chemical Structure

Paquinimod
Paquinimod
CAS#248282-01-1

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 319595

Name: Paquinimod

CAS#: 248282-01-1

Chemical Formula: C21H22N2O3

Exact Mass: 350.1630

Molecular Weight: 350.42

Elemental Analysis: C, 71.98; H, 6.33; N, 7.99; O, 13.70

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
10mg USD 150.00 Ready to ship
25mg USD 250.00 Ready to ship
50mg USD 450.00 Ready to ship
100mg USD 750.00 Ready to ship
200mg USD 1,350.00 Ready to ship
500mg USD 2,650.00 Ready to ship
1g USD 3,850.00 Ready to ship
2g USD 6,250.00 Ready to ship
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Related CAS #
No Data
Synonym
ABR‑215757; ABR 215757; ABR215757; Paquinimod.
IUPAC/Chemical Name
N,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide
InChi Key
DIKSYHCCYVYKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C21H22N2O3/c1-4-14-10-9-13-16-17(14)19(24)18(20(25)22(16)3)21(26)23(5-2)15-11-7-6-8-12-15/h6-13,24H,4-5H2,1-3H3
SMILES Code
O=C(C1=C(O)C2=C(N(C)C1=O)C=CC=C2CC)N(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3
Appearance
White to off-white solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Biological target:
Paquinimod (ABR 25757) is a specific inhibitor of S100A8/S100A9.
In vitro activity:
The purporse of this study was to investigate the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in recurrent experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Paquinimod (PA) is a drug that is an S100 inhibitor and blocks the binding of S100A8/A9. S100A8, an important DMAP member is a small-sized 10-kDa molecule and preferentially exists as a heterodimer or heterotetramer with S100A9, known as calprotectin (S100A8/A9). These molecules are highly expressed on bone marrow-derived myeloid cells, specifically neutrophils and monocytes, and on endothelial cells. To examine whether the reduced proliferation of lymphocytes was a direct effect of the S100A8/9 inhibitor on T cells or an indirect effect on T cells via APCs, crossover tests were performed in which T cell proliferation was measured using all four combinations of responder T cells and APCs isolated on day 16 from the two sets. APCs were incubated in vitro with recombinant S100A8. As shown in Figure 5, T cells from PA-treated tEAU rats did not respond to increasing doses of R16 in the presence of APCs from either PA-treated or control tEAU rats, whereas T cells from control tEAU rats reacted well in the presence of APCs from control tEAU rats, but not PA-treated tEAU rats, indicating that dysfunction of both T cells and APCs contributed to the T cell hyporesponsiveness in PA-treated mice. This data demonstrate a link between local expression of DAMPs and autoimmune responses, and suggest that complete S100A8/A9 blockade may be a new therapeutic target in recurrent autoimmune uveitis. Reference: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 Mar 1;59(3):1332-1342. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29625456/
In vivo activity:
Paquinimod was orally administered to 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA)/complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and OVA. Lung inflammation and remodeling were evaluated using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and histologic findings including goblet cell count. S100A9, caspase-1, IL-1β, MPO, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were measured in lung lysates using western blotting. Paquinimod restored the enhancement of airway resistance and the increases in numbers of neutrophils and macrophages of BAL fluids and those of goblet cells in OVA/CFA mice toward the levels of sham-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner (0.1, 1, 10, and 25 mg/kg/day, p.o.). These data indicate that paquinimod effectively inhibits neutrophilic inflammation and remodeling in the murine model of neutrophilic asthma, possibly via downregulation of IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-1β. Reference: Can Respir J . 2021 Mar 15;2021:8896108. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33791048/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMSO 15.0 42.80
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 350.42 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Yun J, Xiao T, Zhou L, Beuerman RW, Li J, Zhao Y, Hadayer A, Zhang X, Sun D, Kaplan HJ, Shao H. Local S100A8 Levels Correlate With Recurrence of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis and Promote Pathogenic T Cell Activity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 Mar 1;59(3):1332-1342. doi: 10.1167/iovs.17-23127. PMID: 29625456; PMCID: PMC5846334. 2. Tahvili S, Törngren M, Holmberg D, Leanderson T, Ivars F. Paquinimod prevents development of diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. PLoS One. 2018 May 9;13(5):e0196598. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196598. PMID: 29742113; PMCID: PMC5942776. 3. Lee JU, Park JS, Jun JA, Kim MK, Chang HS, Baek DG, Song HJ, Kim MS, Park CS. Inhibitory Effect of Paquinimod on a Murine Model of Neutrophilic Asthma Induced by Ovalbumin with Complete Freund's Adjuvant. Can Respir J. 2021 Mar 15;2021:8896108. doi: 10.1155/2021/8896108. PMID: 33791048; PMCID: PMC7984926.
In vitro protocol:
1. Yun J, Xiao T, Zhou L, Beuerman RW, Li J, Zhao Y, Hadayer A, Zhang X, Sun D, Kaplan HJ, Shao H. Local S100A8 Levels Correlate With Recurrence of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis and Promote Pathogenic T Cell Activity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 Mar 1;59(3):1332-1342. doi: 10.1167/iovs.17-23127. PMID: 29625456; PMCID: PMC5846334.
In vivo protocol:
1.Tahvili S, Törngren M, Holmberg D, Leanderson T, Ivars F. Paquinimod prevents development of diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. PLoS One. 2018 May 9;13(5):e0196598. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196598. PMID: 29742113; PMCID: PMC5942776. 2. Lee JU, Park JS, Jun JA, Kim MK, Chang HS, Baek DG, Song HJ, Kim MS, Park CS. Inhibitory Effect of Paquinimod on a Murine Model of Neutrophilic Asthma Induced by Ovalbumin with Complete Freund's Adjuvant. Can Respir J. 2021 Mar 15;2021:8896108. doi: 10.1155/2021/8896108. PMID: 33791048; PMCID: PMC7984926.
1: Pei H, Qu J, Chen J, Zhao G, Lu Z. S100A9 as a Key Myocardial Injury Factor Interacting with ATP5 Exacerbates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy. J Inflamm Res. 2024 Jul 9;17:4483-4503. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S457340. Erratum in: J Inflamm Res. 2024 Jul 23;17:4921-4922. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S487243. PMID: 39006491; PMCID: PMC11246037. 2: Koning R, van Roon MA, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D. Adjunctive treatments for pneumococcal meningitis: a systematic review of experimental animal models. Brain Commun. 2024 Apr 12;6(3):fcae131. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae131. PMID: 38707710; PMCID: PMC11069119. 3: Chen J, Chen C, Wang L, Feng X, Chen Y, Zhang R, Cheng Y, Liu Z, Chen Q. Identification of S100A8/A9 involved in thromboangiitis obliterans development using tandem mass tags-labeled quantitative proteomics analysis. Cell Signal. 2024 Aug;120:111199. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111199. Epub 2024 Apr 30. PMID: 38697446. 4: Liu J, Chen X, Zeng L, Zhang L, Wang F, Peng C, Huang X, Li S, Liu Y, Shou W, Li X, Cao D. Targeting S100A9 Prevents β-Adrenergic Activation-Induced Cardiac Injury. Inflammation. 2024 Apr;47(2):789-806. doi: 10.1007/s10753-023-01944-w. Epub 2024 Mar 6. PMID: 38446361. 5: Wu S, Wang Y, Duan J, Teng Y, Wang D, Qi F. Identification of a shared gene signature and biological mechanism between diabetic foot ulcers and cutaneous lupus erythemnatosus by transcriptomic analysis. Front Physiol. 2024 Feb 16;15:1297810. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1297810. PMID: 38434138; PMCID: PMC10907995. 6: Miura S, Iwamoto H, Namba M, Yamaguchi K, Sakamoto S, Horimasu Y, Masuda T, Miyamoto S, Nakashima T, Ohshimo S, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Hattori N. High S100A9 level predicts poor survival, and the S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod is a candidate for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2024 Feb 20;11(1):e001803. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001803. PMID: 38378778; PMCID: PMC10882411. 7: Jiang J, Wang M, Shen W, Wu J, Ma Q, Wang Z, Chen Z, Bian T, Ji N, Huang M, Zhang M. CD146 deficiency aggravates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via the increased production of S100A9 and MMP-9 in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Jan 25;127:111410. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111410. Epub 2023 Dec 17. PMID: 38109838. 8: Jiang H, Zhao Y, Su M, Sun L, Chen M, Zhang Z, Ilyas I, Wang Z, Little PJ, Wang L, Weng J, Ge J, Xu S. A proteome-wide screen identifies the calcium binding proteins, S100A8/S100A9, as clinically relevant therapeutic targets in aortic dissection. Pharmacol Res. 2024 Jan;199:107029. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107029. Epub 2023 Dec 5. PMID: 38056513. 9: Wang G, Hou G, Tian Q, Liu C, Guo Y, Wei H, Zhang Z, Li M. Inhibition of S100A9 alleviates neurogenic pulmonary edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Biochem Pharmacol. 2023 Dec;218:115905. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115905. Epub 2023 Nov 8. PMID: 37949322. 10: Amaya-Garrido A, Brunet M, Buffin-Meyer B, Piedrafita A, Grzesiak L, Agbegbo E, Del Bello A, Ferrandiz I, Ardeleanu S, Bermudez-Lopez M, Fedou C, Camus M, Burlet-Schiltz O, Massines J, Buléon M, Feuillet G, Alves M, Neau E, Casemayou A, Breuil B, Saulnier-Blache JS, Denis C, Voelkl J, Glorieux G, Hobson S, Arefin S, Rahman A, Kublickiene K, Stenvinkel P, Bascands JL, Faguer S, Valdivielso JM, Schanstra JP, Klein J. Calprotectin is a contributor to and potential therapeutic target for vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Sci Transl Med. 2023 Sep 6;15(712):eabn5939. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn5939. Epub 2023 Sep 6. PMID: 37672568. 11: Shi W, Wan TT, Li HH, Guo SB. Blockage of S100A8/A9 ameliorates septic nephropathy in mice. Front Pharmacol. 2023 Jul 20;14:1172356. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1172356. PMID: 37547329; PMCID: PMC10398385. 12: Yao RQ, Zhao PY, Li ZX, Liu YY, Zheng LY, Duan Y, Wang L, Yang RL, Kang HJ, Hao JW, Li JY, Dong N, Wu Y, Du XH, Zhu F, Ren C, Wu GS, Xia ZF, Yao YM. Single- cell transcriptome profiling of sepsis identifies HLA- DRlowS100Ahigh monocytes with immunosuppressive function. Mil Med Res. 2023 Jun 19;10(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s40779-023-00462-y. PMID: 37337301; PMCID: PMC10278311. 13: Feng X, Wang L, Zhou R, Zhou R, Chen L, Peng H, Huang Y, Guo Q, Luo X, Zhou H. Senescent immune cells accumulation promotes brown adipose tissue dysfunction during aging. Nat Commun. 2023 Jun 2;14(1):3208. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38842-6. PMID: 37268694; PMCID: PMC10237528. 14: Sun Y, Nascimento Da Conceicao V, Chauhan A, Sukumaran P, Chauhan P, Ambrus JL, Vissink A, Kroese FGM, Muniswamy M, Mishra BB, Singh BB. Targeting alarmin release reverses Sjogren's syndrome phenotype by revitalizing Ca2+ signalling. Clin Transl Med. 2023 Apr;13(4):e1228. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.1228. PMID: 37006181; PMCID: PMC10068318. 15: Zhang Y, Wu F, Teng F, Guo S, Li H. Deficiency of S100A9 Alleviates Sepsis- Induced Acute Liver Injury through Regulating AKT-AMPK-Dependent Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 20;24(3):2112. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032112. PMID: 36768433; PMCID: PMC9916677. 16: Wu F, Zhang YT, Teng F, Li HH, Guo SB. S100a8/a9 contributes to sepsis- induced cardiomyopathy by activating ERK1/2-Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and respiratory dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Feb;115:109716. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109716. Epub 2023 Jan 16. PMID: 36652759. 17: Tousif S, Singh AP, Umbarkar P, Galindo C, Wheeler N, Toro Cora A, Zhang Q, Prabhu SD, Lal H. Ponatinib Drives Cardiotoxicity by S100A8/A9-NLRP3-IL-1β Mediated Inflammation. Circ Res. 2023 Feb 3;132(3):267-289. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.122.321504. Epub 2023 Jan 10. PMID: 36625265; PMCID: PMC9898181. 18: Su M, Chen C, Li S, Li M, Zeng Z, Zhang Y, Xia L, Li X, Zheng D, Lin Q, Fan X, Wen Y, Liu Y, Chen F, Luo W, Bu Y, Qin J, Guo M, Qiu M, Sun L, Liu R, Wang P, Hwa J, Tang WH. Gasdermin D-dependent platelet pyroptosis exacerbates NET formation and inflammation in severe sepsis. Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2022;1(8):732-747. doi: 10.1038/s44161-022-00108-7. Epub 2022 Aug 4. PMID: 35967457; PMCID: PMC9362711. 19: Sun Y, Wang Z, Hou J, Shi J, Tang Z, Wang C, Zhao H. Shuangxinfang Prevents S100A9-Induced Macrophage/Microglial Inflammation to Improve Cardiac Function and Depression-Like Behavior in Rats After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 24;13:832590. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832590. PMID: 35814253; PMCID: PMC9263923. 20: Zhao BA, Li J, Xue C, Li J, Ge HA, Cheng B, Su QH. Role of the Alarmin S100A9 protein in inducing Achilles tendinopathy in rats. Ann Transl Med. 2021 Nov;9(22):1698. doi: 10.21037/atm-21-5945. PMID: 34988207; PMCID: PMC8667095.

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