Synonym
Ro11-1163; Ro 11-1163; Ro111163; Ro-111163; Ro 111163; Moclobemide; brand name: Amira; Aurorix; Clobemix; Depnil; Manerix.
IUPAC/Chemical Name
4-Chloro-N-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]benzamide
InChi Key
YHXISWVBGDMDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C13H17ClN2O2/c14-12-3-1-11(2-4-12)13(17)15-5-6-16-7-9-18-10-8-16/h1-4H,5-10H2,(H,15,17)
SMILES Code
O=C(NCCN1CCOCC1)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
Moclobemide (Ro111163) is a brain-penetrant and reversible monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.061 μM for hMAO-A.
In vitro activity:
The present study examined the in vitro effects of the antidepressant and type-A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, moclobemide, in neuronal-astroglial cultures from rat cerebral cortex exposed to anoxia (for 5 and 7 h) or to glutamate (2 mM for 6 h), two in vitro models of brain ischemia. In addition, the affinity of moclobemide for the different glutamate receptor subtypes and an interaction with the cell influx of Na(+) and of Ca(2+) enhanced by veratridine and K(+) excess, respectively, were evaluated. Moclobemide (10-100 microM) included in the culture medium during anoxia or with glutamate significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner the amount of surviving neurons compared to controls.
Reference: Brain Res. 2007 Mar 23;1138:30-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17274964/
In vivo activity:
Oral coadministration of moclobemide (2 x 100 mg.kg-1.day-1) with TET blocked the development of brain edema and the increase in the cerebral chloride content induced by TET. Moreover, moclobemide reduced the increase in the cerebral sodium content and attenuated the neurological deficit. In conclusion, moclobemide possesses potent protective properties in this rat model of cerebral edema, suggesting potential clinical utility as a neuroprotectant.
Reference: Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007 May;85(5):556-61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17632591/
|
Solvent |
mg/mL |
mM |
comments |
| Solubility |
| DMF |
50.0 |
186.05 |
|
| DMSO |
57.5 |
213.84 |
|
| Ethanol |
19.0 |
70.54 |
|
| PBS (pH 7.2) |
0.2 |
0.74 |
|
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
268.74
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Bielecka AM, Paul-Samojedny M, Obuchowicz E. Moclobemide exerts anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary mixed glial cell culture. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;382(5-6):409-17. doi: 10.1007/s00210-010-0535-4. Epub 2010 Sep 2. PMID: 20811738.
2. Verleye M, Steinschneider R, Bernard FX, Gillardin JM. Moclobemide attenuates anoxia and glutamate-induced neuronal damage in vitro independently of interaction with glutamate receptor subtypes. Brain Res. 2007 Mar 23;1138:30-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.12.089. Epub 2007 Jan 9. PMID: 17274964.
3. Girard P, Verniers D, Pansart Y, Gillardin JM. Efficacy of moclobemide in a rat model of neurotoxicant-induced edema. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007 May;85(5):556-61. doi: 10.1139/y07-042. PMID: 17632591.
4. Cryan JF, Page ME, Lucki I. Differential behavioral effects of the antidepressants reboxetine, fluoxetine, and moclobemide in a modified forced swim test following chronic treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Nov;182(3):335-44. doi: 10.1007/s00213-005-0093-5. Epub 2005 Oct 19. PMID: 16001105.
In vitro protocol:
1. Bielecka AM, Paul-Samojedny M, Obuchowicz E. Moclobemide exerts anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary mixed glial cell culture. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;382(5-6):409-17. doi: 10.1007/s00210-010-0535-4. Epub 2010 Sep 2. PMID: 20811738.
2. Verleye M, Steinschneider R, Bernard FX, Gillardin JM. Moclobemide attenuates anoxia and glutamate-induced neuronal damage in vitro independently of interaction with glutamate receptor subtypes. Brain Res. 2007 Mar 23;1138:30-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.12.089. Epub 2007 Jan 9. PMID: 17274964.
In vivo protocol:
1. Girard P, Verniers D, Pansart Y, Gillardin JM. Efficacy of moclobemide in a rat model of neurotoxicant-induced edema. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007 May;85(5):556-61. doi: 10.1139/y07-042. PMID: 17632591.
2. Cryan JF, Page ME, Lucki I. Differential behavioral effects of the antidepressants reboxetine, fluoxetine, and moclobemide in a modified forced swim test following chronic treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Nov;182(3):335-44. doi: 10.1007/s00213-005-0093-5. Epub 2005 Oct 19. PMID: 16001105.
1: Bonnet U. Moclobemide: therapeutic use and clinical studies. CNS Drug Rev. 2003 Spring;9(1):97-140. Review. PubMed PMID: 12595913.
2: Bonnet U. Moclobemide: evolution, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic properties. CNS Drug Rev. 2002 Fall;8(3):283-308. Review. PubMed PMID: 12353059.
3: Gumà M, Clemente F, Segura A, Costa J. [The serotoninergic syndrome: moclobemide and citalopram]. Med Clin (Barc). 1999 Nov 20;113(17):677-8. Review. Spanish. PubMed PMID: 10618787.
4: Amrein R, Martin JR, Cameron AM. Moclobemide in patients with dementia and depression. Adv Neurol. 1999;80:509-19. Review. PubMed PMID: 10410765.
5: Versiani M. Pharmacotherapy of dysthymic and chronic depressive disorders: overview with focus on moclobemide. J Affect Disord. 1998 Dec;51(3):323-32. Review. PubMed PMID: 10333986.
6: Goldberg RJ. Antidepressant use in the elderly. Current status of nefazodone, venlafaxine and moclobemide. Drugs Aging. 1997 Aug;11(2):119-31. Review. PubMed PMID: 9259175.
7: Fulton B, Benfield P. Moclobemide. An update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. Drugs. 1996 Sep;52(3):450-74. Review. Erratum in: Drugs 1996 Dec;52(6):869. PubMed PMID: 8875133.
8: Nutt D, Montgomery SA. Moclobemide in the treatment of social phobia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996 Jun;11 Suppl 3:77-82. Review. PubMed PMID: 8923114.
9: Angst J, Amrein R, Stabl M. Moclobemide: a paradigm of research in clinical psychopharmacology. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996 Jun;11 Suppl 3:3-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 8923103.
10: Mayersohn M, Guentert TW. Clinical pharmacokinetics of the monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor moclobemide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1995 Nov;29(5):292-332. Review. PubMed PMID: 8582117.
11: Hilton S, Jaber B, Ruch R. Moclobemide safety: monitoring a newly developed product in the 1990s. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1995 Aug;15(4 Suppl 2):76S-83S. Review. PubMed PMID: 7593735.
12: Norman TR, Burrows GD. A risk-benefit assessment of moclobemide in the treatment of depressive disorders. Drug Saf. 1995 Jan;12(1):46-54. Review. PubMed PMID: 7741983.
13: Freeman H. Moclobemide. Lancet. 1993 Dec 18-25;342(8886-8887):1528-32. Review. PubMed PMID: 7902906.
14: Nair NP, Ahmed SK, Kin NM. Biochemistry and pharmacology of reversible inhibitors of MAO-A agents: focus on moclobemide. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 1993 Nov;18(5):214-25. Review. PubMed PMID: 7905288; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1188542.
15: Tiller JW. Clinical overview on moclobemide. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Sep;17(5):703-12. Review. PubMed PMID: 8255982.
16: Dingemanse J. An update of recent moclobemide interaction data. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993 Jan;7(3-4):167-80. Review. PubMed PMID: 8468439.
17: Woggon B. The role of moclobemide in endogenous depression: a survey of recent data. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993 Jan;7(3-4):137-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 8468434.
18: Silverstone T. Moclobemide--placebo-controlled trials. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993 Jan;7(3-4):133-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 8468433.
19: Amrein R, Hetzel W, Stabl M, Schmid-Burgk W. RIMA--a new concept in the treatment of depression with moclobemide. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993 Jan;7(3-4):123-32. Review. PubMed PMID: 8468432.
20: Haefely W, Burkard WP, Cesura A, Colzi A, Kettler R, Lorez HP, Martin JR, Moreau JL, Richards JG, Schaffner R, et al. Pharmacology of moclobemide. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1993;16 Suppl 2:S8-18. Review. PubMed PMID: 8313402.
