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MedKoo Cat#: 600109 | Name: Apigenin
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Apigenin is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in many plants, including parsley, chamomile, and celery, with diverse pharmacological properties. It exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities. In cancer studies, apigenin has been shown to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in various tumor cell lines, including breast (MCF-7), prostate (PC-3), and colon (HT-29) cancer cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10 to 50 μM depending on the cell line. It downregulates cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 and inhibits PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. In a neuroprotection model, apigenin at 20 μM protected SH-SY5Y cells from H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress by enhancing SOD and catalase activity. Additionally, it exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing LPS-induced NO production and iNOS expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages at concentrations as low as 5–20 μM. These data support apigenin’s potential as a multi-target bioactive compound for therapeutic development.

Chemical Structure

Apigenin
Apigenin
CAS#520-36-5

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 600109

Name: Apigenin

CAS#: 520-36-5

Chemical Formula: C15H10O5

Exact Mass: 270.0528

Molecular Weight: 270.24

Elemental Analysis: C, 66.67; H, 3.73; O, 29.60

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
50mg USD 350.00 Ready to ship
1g USD 450.00 Ready to ship
5g USD 750.00 Ready to ship
25g USD 950.00 2 Weeks
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Synonym
Apigenine; Chamomile; Apigenol; Spigenin; Versulin; 457Trihydroxyflavone; C.I. Natural Yellow 1
IUPAC/Chemical Name
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
InChi Key
KZNIFHPLKGYRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C15H10O5/c16-9-3-1-8(2-4-9)13-7-12(19)15-11(18)5-10(17)6-14(15)20-13/h1-7,16-18H
SMILES Code
O=C1C=C(C2=CC=C(O)C=C2)OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C13
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO.
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Certificate of Analysis
View CoA: current batch, Lot#A25M06B17B
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
View Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor with a Ki of 2 μM.
In vitro activity:
Apigenin (0, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160 μM) and 5-Fu (0, 20, 50, 100, 200 μM) inhibited cell proliferation of HCT116 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. HCT116 cell line were sensitive to apigenin treatment, which made API a potential anti-cancer drug. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that after 24-h treatment, apigenin promoted HCT116 cells apoptosis (0 vs. 40 μM, p = 0.0318; Fig. 1F). HCT116 cells were treated with API (80 μM) for 24 h and then stained with TUNEL agent. TUNEL-positive (green) cells were significantly elevated after treatment of apigenin (Fig. 1G). The expression of cleaved-caspase 3, Bax, cytochrome-C were increased, with decreased expression level of Bcl-2 following apigenin treatment (Fig. 1H). Thus, apigenin could inhibit HCT116 cells proliferation and meanwhile induce HCT116 cells apoptosis through regulation of apoptosis proteins. Reference: Phytomedicine. 2021 May 24;89:153603. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34175590/
In vivo activity:
Vascular endothelial function was assessed ex vivo in carotid arteries as EDD to increasing doses of ACh (Fig. 1). Peak EDD was 26% lower (P = 0.006) in OC than in YC control mice (peak EDD: YC, 94% ± 1%; OC, 70% ± 9%; Fig. 1A). Oral supplementation with apigenin for 6 wk completely restored EDD in old mice (OA, 95% ± 2%) to levels of young animals without affecting EDD in young mice (YA vs. YC, P = 0.9). These observations indicate that apigenin selectively enhances EDD in old animals, effectively ameliorating age-related vascular endothelial dysfunction. Reference: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2021 Jul 1;321(1):H185-H196. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34114892/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 50.8 187.91
DMF 25.0 92.51
DMF:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:8) 0.1 0.37
Ethanol 0.3 1.11
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 270.24 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Cheng Y, Han X, Mo F, Zeng H, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zheng Y, Ma X. Apigenin inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer through down-regulation of E2F1/3 by miRNA-215-5p. Phytomedicine. 2021 May 24;89:153603. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153603. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34175590. 2. Li BS, Zhu RZ, Lim SH, Seo JH, Choi BM. Apigenin Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence via Modulation of the SIRT1-NAD[Formula: see text]-CD38 Axis. Am J Chin Med. 2021;49(5):1235-1250. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X21500592. Epub 2021 May 27. PMID: 34049472. 3. Clayton ZS, Hutton DA, Brunt VE, VanDongen NS, Ziemba BP, Casso AG, Greenberg NT, Mercer AN, Rossman MJ, Campisi J, Melov S, Seals DR. Apigenin restores endothelial function by ameliorating oxidative stress, reverses aortic stiffening, and mitigates vascular inflammation with aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2021 Jul 1;321(1):H185-H196. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00118.2021. Epub 2021 Jun 11. PMID: 34114892. 4. Xu Q, Li YC, Du C, Wang LN, Xiao YH. Effects of Apigenin on the Expression of LOX-1, Bcl-2, and Bax in Hyperlipidemia Rats. Chem Biodivers. 2021 Jun 12. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202100049. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34118114.
In vitro protocol:
1. Cheng Y, Han X, Mo F, Zeng H, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zheng Y, Ma X. Apigenin inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer through down-regulation of E2F1/3 by miRNA-215-5p. Phytomedicine. 2021 May 24;89:153603. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153603. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34175590. 2. Li BS, Zhu RZ, Lim SH, Seo JH, Choi BM. Apigenin Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence via Modulation of the SIRT1-NAD[Formula: see text]-CD38 Axis. Am J Chin Med. 2021;49(5):1235-1250. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X21500592. Epub 2021 May 27. PMID: 34049472.
In vivo protocol:
1. Clayton ZS, Hutton DA, Brunt VE, VanDongen NS, Ziemba BP, Casso AG, Greenberg NT, Mercer AN, Rossman MJ, Campisi J, Melov S, Seals DR. Apigenin restores endothelial function by ameliorating oxidative stress, reverses aortic stiffening, and mitigates vascular inflammation with aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2021 Jul 1;321(1):H185-H196. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00118.2021. Epub 2021 Jun 11. PMID: 34114892. 2. Xu Q, Li YC, Du C, Wang LN, Xiao YH. Effects of Apigenin on the Expression of LOX-1, Bcl-2, and Bax in Hyperlipidemia Rats. Chem Biodivers. 2021 Jun 12. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202100049. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34118114.
1: Salehi B, Venditti A, Sharifi-Rad M, Kręgiel D, Sharifi-Rad J, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Santini A, Souto EB, Novellino E, Antolak H, Azzini E, Setzer WN, Martins N. The Therapeutic Potential of Apigenin. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar 15;20(6):1305. doi: 10.3390/ijms20061305. PMID: 30875872; PMCID: PMC6472148. 2: Imran M, Aslam Gondal T, Atif M, Shahbaz M, Batool Qaisarani T, Hanif Mughal M, Salehi B, Martorell M, Sharifi-Rad J. Apigenin as an anticancer agent. Phytother Res. 2020 Aug;34(8):1812-1828. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6647. Epub 2020 Feb 14. PMID: 32059077. 3: Xu L, Zaky MY, Yousuf W, Ullah A, Abdelbaset GR, Zhang Y, Ahmed OM, Liu S, Liu H. The Anticancer Potential of Apigenin Via Immunoregulation. Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(4):479-489. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200713171137. PMID: 32660399. 4: Majma Sanaye P, Mojaveri MR, Ahmadian R, Sabet Jahromi M, Bahramsoltani R. Apigenin and its dermatological applications: A comprehensive review. Phytochemistry. 2022 Nov;203:113390. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113390. Epub 2022 Aug 23. PMID: 35998830. 5: Tang D, Chen K, Huang L, Li J. Pharmacokinetic properties and drug interactions of apigenin, a natural flavone. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2017 Mar;13(3):323-330. doi: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1251903. Epub 2016 Nov 2. PMID: 27766890. 6: Nabavi SF, Khan H, D'onofrio G, Šamec D, Shirooie S, Dehpour AR, Argüelles S, Habtemariam S, Sobarzo-Sanchez E. Apigenin as neuroprotective agent: Of mice and men. Pharmacol Res. 2018 Feb;128:359-365. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.10.008. Epub 2017 Oct 18. PMID: 29055745. 7: Singh D, Gupta M, Sarwat M, Siddique HR. Apigenin in cancer prevention and therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2022 Aug;176:103751. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103751. Epub 2022 Jun 22. PMID: 35752426. 8: Jin Z, Tian L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Kang J, Dong H, Huang N, Pan L, Ning B. Apigenin inhibits fibrous scar formation after acute spinal cord injury through TGFβ/SMADs signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2022 Nov;28(11):1883-1894. doi: 10.1111/cns.13929. Epub 2022 Jul 30. PMID: 35906830; PMCID: PMC9532920. 9: Wang M, Firrman J, Liu L, Yam K. A Review on Flavonoid Apigenin: Dietary Intake, ADME, Antimicrobial Effects, and Interactions with Human Gut Microbiota. Biomed Res Int. 2019 Oct 16;2019:7010467. doi: 10.1155/2019/7010467. PMID: 31737673; PMCID: PMC6817918. 10: Hsu MC, Guo BC, Chen CH, Hu PA, Lee TS. Apigenin ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation by activating the autophagy-mitochondria pathway. J Food Drug Anal. 2021 Jun 15;29(2):240-254. doi: 10.38212/2224-6614.3269. PMID: 35696209; PMCID: PMC9261827. 11: Zhou Y, Yu Y, Lv H, Zhang H, Liang T, Zhou G, Huang L, Tian Y, Liang W. Apigenin in cancer therapy: From mechanism of action to nano-therapeutic agent. Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Oct;168:113385. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113385. Epub 2022 Aug 22. PMID: 36007853. 12: Li BS, Zhu RZ, Lim SH, Seo JH, Choi BM. Apigenin Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence via Modulation of the SIRT1-NAD[Formula: see text]-CD38 Axis. Am J Chin Med. 2021;49(5):1235-1250. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X21500592. Epub 2021 May 27. PMID: 34049472. 13: Ahmed SA, Parama D, Daimari E, Girisa S, Banik K, Harsha C, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Rationalizing the therapeutic potential of apigenin against cancer. Life Sci. 2021 Feb 15;267:118814. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118814. Epub 2020 Dec 30. PMID: 33333052. 14: Rahmani AH, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Almogbel MA, Khan AA, Anwar S, Almatroodi SA. The Potential Role of Apigenin in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Molecules. 2022 Sep 16;27(18):6051. doi: 10.3390/molecules27186051. PMID: 36144783; PMCID: PMC9505045. 15: Saadh MJ, Jaber SA, Alaraj M, Alafnan A. Apigenin inhibits infectious bronchitis virus replication in ovo. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Aug;26(15):5367-5371. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202208_29403. PMID: 35993630. 16: Mroczek J, Pikula S, Suski S, Weremiejczyk L, Biesaga M, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A. Apigenin Modulates AnxA6- and TNAP-Mediated Osteoblast Mineralization. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 29;23(21):13179. doi: 10.3390/ijms232113179. PMID: 36361965; PMCID: PMC9658728. 17: Kashyap P, Shikha D, Thakur M, Aneja A. Functionality of apigenin as a potent antioxidant with emphasis on bioavailability, metabolism, action mechanism and in vitro and in vivo studies: A review. J Food Biochem. 2022 Apr;46(4):e13950. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13950. Epub 2021 Sep 26. PMID: 34569073. 18: Salmani JMM, Zhang XP, Jacob JA, Chen BA. Apigenin's anticancer properties and molecular mechanisms of action: Recent advances and future prospectives. Chin J Nat Med. 2017 May;15(5):321-329. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(17)30052-3. PMID: 28558867. 19: Feng X, Yu W, Li X, Zhou F, Zhang W, Shen Q, Li J, Zhang C, Shen P. Apigenin, a modulator of PPARγ, attenuates HFD-induced NAFLD by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism and oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2017 Jul 15;136:136-149. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.014. Epub 2017 Apr 13. PMID: 28414138. 20: Nabavi SM, Habtemariam S, Daglia M, Nabavi SF. Apigenin and Breast Cancers: From Chemistry to Medicine. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2015;15(6):728-35. doi: 10.2174/1871520615666150304120643. PMID: 25738871.