Synonym
Protamine sulfate; Protamine;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
1-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-dioxooctahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-7-yl)-3-(1-phenylethyl)urea
InChi Key
AGGKBDWGEXEBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C17H22N4O4/c1-10(11-5-3-2-4-6-11)18-17(25)19-12-7-14-15(23)20-13(9-22)16(24)21(14)8-12/h2-6,10,12-14,22H,7-9H2,1H3,(H,20,23)(H2,18,19,25)
SMILES Code
CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)NC2CC3C(=O)NC(C(=O)N3C2)CO
Appearance
To be determined
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 -4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term(months to years).
Solubility
To be determined
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
To be determined
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
346.39
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
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4: McMillan RB, Bediako H, Devenica LM, Velasquez A, Hardy IP, Ma YE, Roscoe DM,
Carter AR. Protamine folds DNA into flowers and loop stacks. Biophys J. 2023 Nov
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5: Ukogu OA, Smith AD, Devenica LM, Bediako H, McMillan RB, Ma Y, Balaji A,
Schwab RD, Anwar S, Dasgupta M, Carter AR. Protamine loops DNA in multiple
steps. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Jun 19;48(11):6108-6119. doi:
10.1093/nar/gkaa365. PMID: 32392345; PMCID: PMC7293030.
6: Vandenheuvel M, Vandewiele K, De Somer F, Wouters PF. Protamine dosing in
cardiac surgery. Perfusion. 2024 Apr;39(3):645-646. doi:
10.1177/02676591231154116. Epub 2023 Jan 25. PMID: 36696481.
7: Mukherjee A, de Izarra A, Degrouard J, Olive E, Maiti PK, Jang YH, Lansac Y.
Protamine-Controlled Reversible DNA Packaging: A Molecular Glue. ACS Nano. 2021
Aug 24;15(8):13094-13104. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02337. Epub 2021 Jul 30. PMID:
34328301.
8: Lapage K, Ongena M, Poelaert J. Protamine Dose Reduction: the European versus
US View. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2023 Oct;37(10):2159-2160. doi:
10.1053/j.jvca.2023.06.030. Epub 2023 Jun 20. PMID: 37479640.
9: Hecht P, Besser M, Falter F. Are We Able to Dose Protamine Accurately Yet? A
Review of the Protamine Conundrum. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2020 Mar;52(1):63-70.
doi: 10.1182/ject-1900038. PMID: 32280146; PMCID: PMC7138116.
10: Hall RI. Protamine dosing--the quandary continues. Can J Anaesth. 1998
Jan;45(1):1-5. English, French. doi: 10.1007/BF03011983. PMID: 9466018.
