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MedKoo Cat#: 531000 | Name: Amaranth Dye (80%)
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Amaranth Dye, also known as E-123, is an azo dye classified as an endocrine disruptor. It was observed that the lower the pH the higher the degradation. In addition, an enhancement in the photodegradation rate was observed by the addition of hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor. The adsorption trends of Amaranth at various initial concentrations followed the Langmuir isotherm trend.

Chemical Structure

Amaranth Dye (80%)
Amaranth Dye (80%)
CAS#915-67-3

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 531000

Name: Amaranth Dye (80%)

CAS#: 915-67-3

Chemical Formula: C20H11N2Na3O10S3

Exact Mass: 603.9269

Molecular Weight: 604.46

Elemental Analysis: C, 39.74; H, 1.83; N, 4.63; Na, 11.41; O, 26.47; S, 15.91

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5g USD 150.00 2 Weeks
25g USD 450.00 2 Weeks
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Synonym
Amaranth Dye, Azo, E-123, E123, E 123; Acid Red 27; Azorubin S; Azo Rubine S; FD & C Red Dye No. 2; Amaranth; Bordeaux S; Naphthol Red; Wool Red 40 F
IUPAC/Chemical Name
sodium (E)-3-hydroxy-4-((4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate
InChi Key
WLDHEUZGFKACJH-ZRUFZDNISA-K
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C20H14N2O10S3.3Na/c23-20-18(35(30,31)32)10-11-9-12(33(24,25)26)5-6-13(11)19(20)22-21-16-7-8-17(34(27,28)29)15-4-2-1-3-14(15)16;;;/h1-10,23H,(H,24,25,26)(H,27,28,29)(H,30,31,32);;;/q;3*+1/p-3/b22-21+;;;
SMILES Code
O=S(C1=C(O)C(/N=N/C2=C3C=CC=CC3=C(S(=O)([O-])=O)C=C2)=C4C=CC(S(=O)([O-])=O)=CC4=C1)([O-])=O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]
Appearance
Dark red to purple solid powder.
Purity
>80% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term(months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Biological target:
Amaranth is a dark red to purple azo dye used as a food dye and to color cosmetics.
In vitro activity:
Fig. 2a shows inhibition of proliferation vs soluble protein concentration curves, where antiproliferative effects of amaranth proteins and peptides on HT-29 tumor cells are exhibited. DGS presented the highest inhibition of proliferation with an IC50value of 0.30 ± 0.07 mg soluble protein/mL, while API showed a moderate effect with an IC50 value of 1.35 ± 0.12 mg soluble protein/mL. HT-29 cells were susceptible to DGS and API treatments, with significantly lower values IC50 of DGS (p < 0.05). Reference: Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2019 Mar;74(1):107-114. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30635822/
In vivo activity:
At the family level, the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae tended to be higher in the Ama (Amaranth) group than in HF group (p = 0.055, Figure 6A). The commensal bacteria including unclassified S24-7, Ruminococcaceae, unclassified Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, and unclassified RF-39 were significantly enriched in the Ama group compared to those in the HF group (Figure 6B–F). The abundance of Porphyromonadaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae (Figure 6G,H) was lower in the Ama group than in the HF group. Collectively, these results showed that Ama supplementation modulated the gut microbiota of HF diet-fed mice, resulting in a microbiota composition similar to that in Con mice. Reference: Foods. 2021 Jun; 10(6): 1259. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8229566/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 62.5 103.40
Water 6.7 11.03
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 604.46 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Schröter D, Neugart S, Schreiner M, Grune T, Rohn S, Ott C. Amaranth's 2-Caffeoylisocitric Acid-An Anti-Inflammatory Caffeic Acid Derivative That Impairs NF-κB Signaling in LPS-Challenged RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Nutrients. 2019 Mar 7;11(3):571. doi: 10.3390/nu11030571. PMID: 30866427; PMCID: PMC6471825. 2. Sabbione AC, Ogutu FO, Scilingo A, Zhang M, Añón MC, Mu TH. Antiproliferative Effect of Amaranth Proteins and Peptides on HT-29 Human Colon Tumor Cell Line. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2019 Mar;74(1):107-114. doi: 10.1007/s11130-018-0708-8. PMID: 30635822. 3. Yang Y, Fukui R, Jia H, Kato H. Amaranth Supplementation Improves Hepatic Lipid Dysmetabolism and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Foods. 2021 Jun 1;10(6):1259. doi: 10.3390/foods10061259. PMID: 34206088; PMCID: PMC8229566. 4. Suárez S, Aphalo P, Rinaldi G, Añón MC, Quiroga A. Effect of amaranth proteins on the RAS system. In vitro, in vivo and ex vivo assays. Food Chem. 2020 Mar 5;308:125601. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125601. Epub 2019 Oct 4. PMID: 31670190.
In vitro protocol:
1. Schröter D, Neugart S, Schreiner M, Grune T, Rohn S, Ott C. Amaranth's 2-Caffeoylisocitric Acid-An Anti-Inflammatory Caffeic Acid Derivative That Impairs NF-κB Signaling in LPS-Challenged RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Nutrients. 2019 Mar 7;11(3):571. doi: 10.3390/nu11030571. PMID: 30866427; PMCID: PMC6471825. 2. Sabbione AC, Ogutu FO, Scilingo A, Zhang M, Añón MC, Mu TH. Antiproliferative Effect of Amaranth Proteins and Peptides on HT-29 Human Colon Tumor Cell Line. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2019 Mar;74(1):107-114. doi: 10.1007/s11130-018-0708-8. PMID: 30635822.
In vivo protocol:
1. Yang Y, Fukui R, Jia H, Kato H. Amaranth Supplementation Improves Hepatic Lipid Dysmetabolism and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Foods. 2021 Jun 1;10(6):1259. doi: 10.3390/foods10061259. PMID: 34206088; PMCID: PMC8229566. 2. Suárez S, Aphalo P, Rinaldi G, Añón MC, Quiroga A. Effect of amaranth proteins on the RAS system. In vitro, in vivo and ex vivo assays. Food Chem. 2020 Mar 5;308:125601. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125601. Epub 2019 Oct 4. PMID: 31670190.
1: Steter JR, Barros WR, Lanza MR, Motheo AJ. Electrochemical and sonoelectrochemical processes applied to amaranth dye degradation. Chemosphere. 2014 Dec;117:200-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.085. Epub 2014 Jul 23. PubMed PMID: 25061886. 2: Zhang G, Ma Y. Mechanistic and conformational studies on the interaction of food dye amaranth with human serum albumin by multispectroscopic methods. Food Chem. 2013 Jan 15;136(2):442-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.026. Epub 2012 Sep 17. PubMed PMID: 23122082. 3: Basu A, Kumar GS. Interaction of toxic azo dyes with heme protein: biophysical insights into the binding aspect of the food additive amaranth with human hemoglobin. J Hazard Mater. 2015 May 30;289:204-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.044. Epub 2015 Feb 17. PubMed PMID: 25725343. 4: Basu A, Kumar GS. Targeting proteins with toxic azo dyes: a microcalorimetric characterization of the interaction of the food colorant amaranth with serum proteins. J Agric Food Chem. 2014 Aug 6;62(31):7955-62. doi: 10.1021/jf5025278. Epub 2014 Jul 28. PubMed PMID: 25033020. 5: Ahn M, Hau NT, Van Phuc N, Oh J, Kang HW. Photoactive dye-enhanced tissue ablation for endoscopic laser prostatectomy. Lasers Surg Med. 2014 Nov;46(9):703-11. doi: 10.1002/lsm.22286. Epub 2014 Aug 28. PubMed PMID: 25164484. 6: Jabeen HS, ur Rahman S, Mahmood S, Anwer S. Genotoxicity assessment of amaranth and allura red using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2013 Jan;90(1):22-6. doi: 10.1007/s00128-012-0870-x. Epub 2012 Nov 7. PubMed PMID: 23132362. 7: Gupta VK, Jain R, Mittal A, Saleh TA, Nayak A, Agarwal S, Sikarwar S. Photo-catalytic degradation of toxic dye amaranth on TiO(2)/UV in aqueous suspensions. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2012 Jan 1;32(1):12-7. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.08.018. Epub 2011 Sep 6. PubMed PMID: 23177765. 8: Weber CT, Collazzo GC, Mazutti MA, Foletto EL, Dotto GL. Removal of hazardous pharmaceutical dyes by adsorption onto papaya seeds. Water Sci Technol. 2014;70(1):102-7. doi: 10.2166/wst.2014.200. PubMed PMID: 25026586. 9: Dachipally P, Jonnalagadda SB. Kinetics of ozone-initiated oxidation of textile dye, Amaranth in aqueous systems. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2011;46(8):887-97. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2011.580201. PubMed PMID: 21714629. 10: Han Q, Wang X, Yang Z, Zhu W, Zhou X, Jiang H. Fe₃O₄@rGO doped molecularly imprinted polymer membrane based on magnetic field directed self-assembly for the determination of amaranth. Talanta. 2014 Jun;123:101-8. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.01.060. Epub 2014 Feb 6. PubMed PMID: 24725870. 11: Zhang J, Wang M, Shentu C, Wang W, Chen Z. Simultaneous determination of the isomers of Ponceau 4R and Amaranth using an expanded graphite paste electrode. Food Chem. 2014 Oct 1;160:11-5. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.078. Epub 2014 Mar 24. PubMed PMID: 24799202. 12: Guerrero-Coronilla I, Morales-Barrera L, Cristiani-Urbina E. Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies of amaranth dye biosorption from aqueous solution onto water hyacinth leaves. J Environ Manage. 2015 Apr 1;152:99-108. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.026. Epub 2015 Jan 21. PubMed PMID: 25617874. 13: Murali V, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Hamidin N. Comprehensive review and compilation of treatment for azo dyes using microbial fuel cells. Water Environ Res. 2013 Mar;85(3):270-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 23581242. 14: Nagaraja P, Aradhana N, Suma A, Chamaraja NA, Shivakumar A, Ramya KV. Amaranth dye in the evaluation of bleaching of cerium (IV) by antioxidants: application in food and medicinal plants. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2012 Sep;95:505-10. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.04.035. Epub 2012 Apr 23. PubMed PMID: 22579334. 15: Xu YL, Li JX, Zhong DJ, Jia JP. Dual electrodes degradation of Amaranth using a thin-film photocatalytic reactor with dual slant-placed electrodes. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2013;48(13):1700-6. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2013.815534. PubMed PMID: 23947709. 16: Jadhav SB, Patil NS, Watharkar AD, Apine OA, Jadhav JP. Batch and continuous biodegradation of Amaranth in plain distilled water by P. aeruginosa BCH and toxicological scrutiny using oxidative stress studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 May;20(5):2854-66. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-1155-y. Epub 2012 Sep 21. PubMed PMID: 22996819. 17: Zhang Y, Gan T, Wan C, Wu K. Morphology-controlled electrochemical sensing amaranth at nanomolar levels using alumina. Anal Chim Acta. 2013 Feb 18;764:53-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.020. Epub 2012 Dec 20. PubMed PMID: 23374214. 18: Alwash AH, Abdullah AZ, Ismail N. Zeolite Y encapsulated with Fe-TiO2 for ultrasound-assisted degradation of amaranth dye in water. J Hazard Mater. 2012 Sep 30;233-234:184-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.021. Epub 2012 Jul 14. PubMed PMID: 22831996. 19: Shabbir S, Faheem M, Ali N, Kerr PG, Wu Y. Evaluating role of immobilized periphyton in bioremediation of azo dye amaranth. Bioresour Technol. 2017 Feb;225:395-401. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.115. Epub 2016 Dec 2. PubMed PMID: 27956332. 20: Gomi N, Yoshida S, Matsumoto K, Okudomi M, Konno H, Hisabori T, Sugano Y. Degradation of the synthetic dye amaranth by the fungus Bjerkandera adusta Dec 1: inference of the degradation pathway from an analysis of decolorized products. Biodegradation. 2011 Nov;22(6):1239-45. doi: 10.1007/s10532-011-9478-9. Epub 2011 Apr 28. PubMed PMID: 21526388.