Synonym
Tolonium chloride; C.I.925; C.I.-925; C.I. 925
IUPAC/Chemical Name
Phenothiazin-5-ium, 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-, chloride (1:1)
InChi Key
HNONEKILPDHFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C15H16N3S.ClH/c1-9-6-13-15(8-11(9)16)19-14-7-10(18(2)3)4-5-12(14)17-13;/h4-8H,16H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
SMILES Code
CC1=CC2=C([S+]=C3C=C(N(C)C)C=CC3=N2)C=C1N.[Cl-]
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
305.82
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
1: Cudd LA, Burrows GE, Clarke CR. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of tolonium chloride in sheep. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1996 Oct;38(5):329-32. PMID: 8888533.
2: Vercellino V, Gandolfo S, Camoletto D, Griffa B, Mori C. Il blu di toluidina (tolonio cloruro) nella diagnosi precoce delle displasie e dei carcinomi della mucosa orale [Toluidine blue (tolonium chloride) in the early diagnosis of dysplasias and carcinomas of the oral mucosa]. Minerva Stomatol. 1985 Mar- Apr;34(2):257-61. Italian. PMID: 3889574.
3: Mashberg A. Tolonium (toluidine blue) rinse--a screening method for recognition of squamous carcinoma. Continuing study of oral cancer IV. JAMA. 1981 Jun 19;245(23):2408-10. PMID: 6164804.
4: DeGregorio VY, Hobdy-Henderson KC. Tolonium chloride as a mucous membrane dye. Ann Pharmacother. 1993 Dec;27(12):1474-5. PMID: 7508297.
5: Bergholt NL, Lysdahl H, Lind M, Foldager CB. A Standardized Method of Applying Toluidine Blue Metachromatic Staining for Assessment of Chondrogenesis. Cartilage. 2019 Jul;10(3):370-374. doi: 10.1177/1947603518764262. Epub 2018 Mar 27. PMID: 29582671; PMCID: PMC6585293.
6: Radke OC, Hoffmann C, Klut I, Koch T. Kammerflimmern nach Toluidinblau : Axilläre Plexusanästhesie führte zum Kreislaufstillstand [Ventricular fibrillation with tolonium chloride: axillary brachial plexus anesthesia led to cessation of circulation]. Anaesthesist. 2011 May;60(5):446-50. German. doi: 10.1007/s00101-010-1834-3. PMID: 21491141.
7: Keten A, Okdemir E. Toluidine blue. Am J Emerg Med. 2020 Oct;38(10):2239-2240. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.03.047. Epub 2020 Mar 25. PMID: 32466874.
8: Mashberg A. Final evaluation of tolonium chloride rinse for screening of high-risk patients with asymptomatic squamous carcinoma. J Am Dent Assoc. 1983 Mar;106(3):319-23. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1983.0063. PMID: 6573409.
9: Darzynkiewicz Z, Carter SP. Photosensitizing effects of the tricyclic heteroaromatic cationic dyes pyronin Y and toluidine blue O (tolonium chloride). Cancer Res. 1988 Mar 1;48(5):1295-9. PMID: 3342408.
10: Giler S, Kadish U, Urca I. Use of tolonium chloride in the diagnosis of malignant gastric ulcers. Arch Surg. 1978 Feb;113(2):136-9. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1978.01370140026005. PMID: 75723.
