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MedKoo Cat#: 462706 | Name: Polygalaxanthone III
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Polygalaxanthone III is a xanthone glycoside and flavonoid that has been found in P. hongkongensis and has antioxidant activity. Polygalaxanthone III scavenges hydroxyl and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals in cell-free assays.

Chemical Structure

Polygalaxanthone III
Polygalaxanthone III
CAS#162857-78-5

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 462706

Name: Polygalaxanthone III

CAS#: 162857-78-5

Chemical Formula: C25H28O15

Exact Mass: 568.1428

Molecular Weight: 568.48

Elemental Analysis: C, 52.82; H, 4.96; O, 42.21

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
1mg USD 430.00 2 Weeks
5mg USD 710.00 2 Weeks
10mg USD 1,020.00 2 Weeks
25mg USD 1,600.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
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Synonym
Polygalaxanthone III;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
2-((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-6-((((2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1,3,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one
InChi Key
LLJUCXMVRPAONX-AYATVRNWSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C25H28O15/c1-36-12-2-8-11(3-9(12)27)39-13-4-10(28)15(19(31)16(13)17(8)29)22-21(33)20(32)18(30)14(40-22)5-37-24-23(34)25(35,6-26)7-38-24/h2-4,14,18,20-24,26-28,30-35H,5-7H2,1H3/t14-,18-,20+,21-,22+,23+,24-,25-/m1/s1
SMILES Code
O[C@@H]1[C@@](O)(CO)CO[C@H]1OC[C@@H](O2)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2C3=C(O)C4=C(C=C3O)OC5=CC(O)=C(OC)C=C5C4=O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Polygalaxanthone III is extracted from polygala tenuifolia wild, has inhibitory effect towards CYP450 enzyme. Polygalaxanthone III inhibits chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2E1 with an IC50 of 50.56 μM.
In vitro activity:
TBD
In vivo activity:
This study studied the growth characteristics and biochemical analyses of M. furfur which showed that the protein contents were greater in extracts taken at 24 h. These were then used to infect C57BL/6 mice, resulting in skin rupture. Polygalaxanthone III (POL), a more effective anti-inflammatory ingredient in Polygala japonica Houtt., was applied externally to the ulceration and successfully healed the wounds quickly. POL could not inhibit Malassezia activity as tested by the inhibition zone test, but affected the formation of lipid droplets in HaCaT cells. Reference: Molecules. 2022 Nov 3;27(21):7520. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36364345/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMF 10.0 17.59
DMSO 121.7 214.02
DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:1) 0.5 0.88
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 568.48 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Yang X, Xiong B, Yuan Z, Liao H, Liu X, Wu Y, Zhang S, Xiang Q. Polygalaxanthone III, an Active Ingredient in Polygala japonica Houtt., Repaired Malassezia-Stimulated Skin Injury via STAT3 Phosphorylated Activation. Molecules. 2022 Nov 3;27(21):7520. doi: 10.3390/molecules27217520. PMID: 36364345; PMCID: PMC9655589. 2. Wu Y, Fu H, Yang X, Leng F, Huang Y, Deng H, Xiang Q, Zhang S. Polygalaxanthone III downregulates inflammation in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages: A quantibody array analysis. J Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Oct;147(2):184-191. doi: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.06.010. Epub 2021 Jul 3. PMID: 34384566.
In vitro protocol:
TBD
In vivo protocol:
1. Yang X, Xiong B, Yuan Z, Liao H, Liu X, Wu Y, Zhang S, Xiang Q. Polygalaxanthone III, an Active Ingredient in Polygala japonica Houtt., Repaired Malassezia-Stimulated Skin Injury via STAT3 Phosphorylated Activation. Molecules. 2022 Nov 3;27(21):7520. doi: 10.3390/molecules27217520. PMID: 36364345; PMCID: PMC9655589. 2. Wu Y, Fu H, Yang X, Leng F, Huang Y, Deng H, Xiang Q, Zhang S. Polygalaxanthone III downregulates inflammation in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages: A quantibody array analysis. J Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Oct;147(2):184-191. doi: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.06.010. Epub 2021 Jul 3. PMID: 34384566.
1: Liu Y, Ma X, Mao F, Qiu J, Bi J, Li X, Gu X, Zheng Y, Zhao Y. HMGR and CHS gene cloning, characterizations and tissue-specific expressions in Polygala tenuifolia Willd. PLoS One. 2024 Mar 25;19(3):e0300895. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300895. PMID: 38527035; PMCID: PMC10962832. 2: Chen SH, Jiang QW, Yang SH, Lv BB, Ma ZX, Li P, Xu WL, Li F. Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma processing ameliorates adverse reactions of polygalae radix in zebra fish and rabbit models. J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jun 12;327:118020. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118020. Epub 2024 Mar 7. PMID: 38458341. 3: Chen L, Jiang L, Shi X, Yang J, Wang R, Li W. Constituents, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic studies, clinical applications, and safety profile on the classical prescription Kaixinsan. Front Pharmacol. 2024 Feb 1;15:1338024. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1338024. PMID: 38362144; PMCID: PMC10867185. 4: Yang X, Xiong B, Yuan Z, Liao H, Liu X, Wu Y, Zhang S, Xiang Q. Polygalaxanthone III, an Active Ingredient in Polygala japonica Houtt., Repaired Malassezia-Stimulated Skin Injury via STAT3 Phosphorylated Activation. Molecules. 2022 Nov 3;27(21):7520. doi: 10.3390/molecules27217520. PMID: 36364345; PMCID: PMC9655589. 5: Du LJ, Zhang XN, Li SS, Sun YF, Jin HZ, Yan SK, Han CG. Network pharmacological investigation into the mechanism of Kaixinsan powder for the treatment of depression. Metab Brain Dis. 2022 Dec;37(8):2903-2914. doi: 10.1007/s11011-022-01067-5. Epub 2022 Sep 7. PMID: 36070047. 6: Li X, Chen S, Zhang J, Yu L, Chen W, Zhang Y. Optimization of Ultrasonic- Assisted Extraction of Active Components and Antioxidant Activity from Polygala tenuifolia: A Comparative Study of the Response Surface Methodology and Least Squares Support Vector Machine. Molecules. 2022 May 10;27(10):3069. doi: 10.3390/molecules27103069. PMID: 35630542; PMCID: PMC9144772. 7: Wu Y, Fu H, Yang X, Leng F, Huang Y, Deng H, Xiang Q, Zhang S. Polygalaxanthone III downregulates inflammation in the lipopolysaccharide- stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages: A quantibody array analysis. J Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Oct;147(2):184-191. doi: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.06.010. Epub 2021 Jul 3. PMID: 34384566. 8: Opo FADM, Rahman MM, Ahammad F, Ahmed I, Bhuiyan MA, Asiri AM. Structure based pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking and ADMET approaches for identification of natural anti-cancer agents targeting XIAP protein. Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 18;11(1):4049. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83626-x. Erratum in: Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 21;11(1):19106. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97945-6. PMID: 33603068; PMCID: PMC7892887. 9: Tsujimoto T, Nishihara M, Osumi Y, Hakamatsuka T, Goda Y, Uchiyama N, Ozeki Y. Structural Analysis of Polygalaxanthones, C-Glucosyl Xanthones of Polygala tenuifolia Roots. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2019;67(11):1242-1247. doi: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00608. PMID: 31685751. 10: Ba Y, Wang M, Zhang K, Chen Q, Wang J, Lv H, Jiang Y, Shi R. Intestinal Absorption Profile of Three Polygala Oligosaccharide Esters in Polygalae Radix and the Effects of Other Components in Polygalae Radix on Their Absorption. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 2;2019:1379531. doi: 10.1155/2019/1379531. PMID: 31354847; PMCID: PMC6633864. 11: Shi Y, Cao C, Zhu Y, Gao T, Yang W, Liu Mingzhu Qi M, Huang R, Qian D, Duan JA. Comparative pharmacokinetic study of the components of Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San in normal and vascular dementia rats by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci. 2018 Jun;41(12):2504-2516. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201701144. Epub 2018 Apr 23. PMID: 29577615. 12: Xu R, Mao F, Zhao Y, Wang W, Fan L, Gao X, Zhao J, Tian H. UPLC Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by Single Marker and Quality Evaluation of Polygala tenuifolia Wild. Extracts. Molecules. 2017 Dec 20;22(12):2276. doi: 10.3390/molecules22122276. PMID: 29261155; PMCID: PMC6149966. 13: Yang C, Yin X, Dong X, Zhang X, You L, Wang W, Wang J, Chen Q, Ni J. Determination of the phytochemical composition of Jingning fang and the in vivo pharmacokinetics of its metabolites in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2017 Nov 1;1067:71-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.019. Epub 2017 Sep 21. PMID: 29017076. 14: Wang DD, Bai L, Xu XS, Zhang FS, Xing J, Jia JP, Tian HL, Qin XM. [Rationality of commodity criteria and traditional breeding of Polygala tenuifolia based on agronomic traits and determination of chemical components]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2016 Oct;41(20):3733-3740. Chinese. doi: 10.4268/cjcmm20162006. PMID: 28929649. 15: Wang X, Zhang Y, Niu H, Geng Y, Wang B, Yang X, Yan P, Li Q, Bi K. Ultra- fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry determination of eight bioactive components of Kai-Xin-San in rat plasma and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and Alzheimer's disease rats. J Sep Sci. 2017 May;40(10):2131-2140. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201601343. Epub 2017 Apr 19. PMID: 28342292. 16: Zhang YH, Bai L, Li ZY, Zhang FS, Qin XM. [HPLC Fingerprint and Active Components Determination of Polygala tenuifolia Root Bark and Root]. Zhong Yao Cai. 2015 Jul;38(7):1408-12. Chinese. PMID: 26946836. 17: Huang LH, Wang J, Zhang L, Luo SL, Chen C, Du J. [Intestinal Absorption Characteristics and Mechanism of Polygala tenuifolia Hydrolysate in Rats]. Zhong Yao Cai. 2015 Mar;38(3):556-61. Chinese. PMID: 26495659. 18: Shi Q, Chen J, Zhou Q, Lei H, Luan L, Liu X, Wu Y. Indirect identification of antioxidants in Polygalae Radix through their reaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and subsequent HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Talanta. 2015 Nov 1;144:830-5. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.032. Epub 2015 Jul 11. PMID: 26452897. 19: Xue Y, Li XW, Li ZY, Zeng ZP, Zhang FS, Li AP, Qin XM, Peng B. [UPLC/Q-TOF MS and NMR plant metabolomics approach in studying the effect of growth year on the quality of Polygala tenuifolia]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2015 Mar;50(3):340-7. Chinese. PMID: 26118115. 20: Li ZL, Dong XZ, Wang DX, Dong RH, Guo TT, Sun Y, Liu P. [Effect of oligosaccharide esters and polygalaxanthone Ill from Polygala tenuifolia willd towards cytochrome P450]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2014 Nov;39(22):4459-63. Chinese. PMID: 25850285.