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MedKoo Cat#: 574325 | Name: Xenopsin
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Xenopsin is a neurotensin-like octapeptide that inhibits neurotensin binding to rat brain synaptic membranes and induces contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum in the presence of neostigmine. Xenopsin increases the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons and increases adrenal, pancreatic, and ileal blood flow and plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, substance P, and cortisol, as well as reduces tetragastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.

Chemical Structure

Xenopsin
Xenopsin
CAS#51827-01-1

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 574325

Name: Xenopsin

CAS#: 51827-01-1

Chemical Formula: C47H73N13O10

Exact Mass: 979.5603

Molecular Weight: 980.18

Elemental Analysis: C, 57.59; H, 7.51; N, 18.58; O, 16.32

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
1mg USD 400.00 2 Weeks
5mg USD 700.00 2 Weeks
10mg USD 950.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
No Data
Synonym
pGlu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Pro-Trp-Ile-Leu; Xenopsin
IUPAC/Chemical Name
((S)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)glycyl-L-lysyl-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-tryptophyl-L-isoleucyl-L-leucine
InChi Key
VVZLRNZUCNGJQY-KITDWFFGSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C47H73N13O10/c1-5-27(4)39(44(67)58-35(46(69)70)22-26(2)3)59-42(65)34(23-28-24-52-30-13-7-6-12-29(28)30)57-43(66)36-16-11-21-60(36)45(68)33(15-10-20-51-47(49)50)56-41(64)31(14-8-9-19-48)55-38(62)25-53-40(63)32-17-18-37(61)54-32/h6-7,12-13,24,26-27,31-36,39,52H,5,8-11,14-23,25,48H2,1-4H3,(H,53,63)(H,54,61)(H,55,62)(H,56,64)(H,57,66)(H,58,67)(H,59,65)(H,69,70)(H4,49,50,51)/t27-,31-,32-,33-,34-,35-,36-,39-/m0/s1
SMILES Code
O=C(N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(N[C@@H]([C@H](CC)C)C(N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(C)C)=O)=O)[C@H]3N(C([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC(CNC([C@@H](N4)CCC4=O)=O)=O)CCCCN)=O)CCCNC(N)=N)=O)CCC3
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 980.18 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
1: Koller D, Kocot KM, Degnan BM, Wollesen T. Developmental gene expression in the eyes of the pygmy squid Xipholeptos notoides. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol. 2024 Nov;342(7):483-498. doi: 10.1002/jez.b.23270. Epub 2024 Aug 20. PMID: 39161250. 2: Matsuo R, Kwon H, Takishita K, Nishi T, Matsuo Y. Expression of proteins supporting visual function in heterobranch gastropods. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2024 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s00359-024-01712-7. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39120725. 3: Matsuo R, Koyanagi M, Sugihara T, Shirata T, Nagata T, Inoue K, Matsuo Y, Terakita A. Functional characterization of four opsins and two G alpha subtypes co-expressed in the molluscan rhabdomeric photoreceptor. BMC Biol. 2023 Dec 18;21(1):291. doi: 10.1186/s12915-023-01789-7. PMID: 38110917; PMCID: PMC10729476. 4: Wollesen T, Rodriguez Monje SV, Oel AP, Arendt D. Characterization of eyes, photoreceptors, and opsins in developmental stages of the arrow worm Spadella cephaloptera (Chaetognatha). J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol. 2023 Jul;340(5):342-353. doi: 10.1002/jez.b.23193. Epub 2023 Feb 28. PMID: 36855226; PMCID: PMC10952353. 5: Roberts NS, Hagen JFD, Johnston RJ Jr. The diversity of invertebrate visual opsins spanning Protostomia, Deuterostomia, and Cnidaria. Dev Biol. 2022 Dec;492:187-199. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.10.011. Epub 2022 Oct 19. PMID: 36272560; PMCID: PMC10249108. 6: Onaga T, Sakai A, Yasui Y. Intravenous administration of xenin-25 accelerates cyclic ruminal contractions in healthy conscious sheep. Neuropeptides. 2022 Dec;96:102293. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102293. Epub 2022 Sep 20. PMID: 36182703. 7: Sakai K, Ikeuchi H, Fujiyabu C, Imamoto Y, Yamashita T. Convergent evolutionary counterion displacement of bilaterian opsins in ciliary cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022 Aug 24;79(9):493. doi: 10.1007/s00018-022-04525-6. PMID: 36001156; PMCID: PMC11071972. 8: Kruszewska J, Laudy-Wiaderny H, Kunicki M. Review of Novel Potential Insulin Resistance Biomarkers in PCOS Patients-The Debate Is Still Open. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb 13;19(4):2099. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042099. PMID: 35206286; PMCID: PMC8871992. 9: Döring CC, Kumar S, Tumu SC, Kourtesis I, Hausen H. The visual pigment xenopsin is widespread in protostome eyes and impacts the view on eye evolution. Elife. 2020 Sep 3;9:e55193. doi: 10.7554/eLife.55193. PMID: 32880369; PMCID: PMC7529461. 10: Proniewicz E, Małuch I, Kudelski A, Prahl A. Adsorption of (Phe-h5)/(Phe-d5)-substituted peptides from neurotensin family on the nanostructured surfaces of Ag and Cu: SERS studies. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2020 Dec 5;242:118748. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118748. Epub 2020 Jul 21. PMID: 32721658. 11: Rawlinson KA, Lapraz F, Ballister ER, Terasaki M, Rodgers J, McDowell RJ, Girstmair J, Criswell KE, Boldogkoi M, Simpson F, Goulding D, Cormie C, Hall B, Lucas RJ, Telford MJ. Extraocular, rod-like photoreceptors in a flatworm express xenopsin photopigment. Elife. 2019 Oct 22;8:e45465. doi: 10.7554/eLife.45465. PMID: 31635694; PMCID: PMC6805122. 12: Nishiyama H, Nagata A, Matsuo Y, Matsuo R. Light avoidance by a non-ocular photosensing system in the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus. J Exp Biol. 2019 Jul 23;222(Pt 14):jeb208595. doi: 10.1242/jeb.208595. PMID: 31266779. 13: Matsuo R, Koyanagi M, Nagata A, Matsuo Y. Co-expression of opsins in the eye photoreceptor cells of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus. J Comp Neurol. 2019 Dec 15;527(18):3073-3086. doi: 10.1002/cne.24732. Epub 2019 Jun 28. PMID: 31226228. 14: Arendt D. The enigmatic xenopsins. Elife. 2017 Oct 19;6:e31781. doi: 10.7554/eLife.31781. PMID: 29048325; PMCID: PMC5648523. 15: Vöcking O, Kourtesis I, Tumu SC, Hausen H. Co-expression of xenopsin and rhabdomeric opsin in photoreceptors bearing microvilli and cilia. Elife. 2017 Sep 6;6:e23435. doi: 10.7554/eLife.23435. PMID: 28876222; PMCID: PMC5648526. 16: Temur M, Özün Özbay P, Aksun S, Yilmaz Ö, Çift T, Üstünel S, Calan M. Elevated circulating levels of xenopsin-related peptide-1 are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017 Oct;296(4):841-846. doi: 10.1007/s00404-017-4493-7. Epub 2017 Aug 22. PMID: 28831586. 17: Coquet L, Kolodziejek J, Jouenne T, Nowotny N, King JD, Conlon JM. Peptidomic analysis of the extensive array of host-defense peptides in skin secretions of the dodecaploid frog Xenopus ruwenzoriensis (Pipidae). Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics. 2016 Sep;19:18-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.04.006. Epub 2016 Jun 3. PMID: 27290612. 18: McConn BR, Park J, Gilbert ER, Cline MA. A novel role for xenopsin: Stimulation of food intake. Behav Brain Res. 2015 Oct 1;292:500-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.06.039. Epub 2015 Jul 4. PMID: 26151286. 19: Conlon JM, Mechkarska M, Kolodziejek J, Leprince J, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Nowotny N, King JD. Host-defense and trefoil factor family peptides in skin secretions of the Mawa clawed frog Xenopus boumbaensis (Pipidae). Peptides. 2015 Oct;72:44-9. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.025. Epub 2015 Apr 4. PMID: 25849343. 20: Conlon JM, Mechkarska M, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H. Host-defense peptides from skin secretions of Fraser's clawed frog Xenopus fraseri (Pipidae): Further insight into the evolutionary history of the Xenopodinae. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics. 2014 Dec;12:45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cbd.2014.10.001. Epub 2014 Oct 13. PMID: 25463057.

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