Safflower red | CAS#36338-96-2 | Quinochalcone glucoside red pigment

MedKoo Cat#: 598948 | Name: Safflower red

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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Safflower red is a polyketide synthase-derived quinochalcone glucoside red pigment originally isolated from C. tinctorius that has diverse biological activities. Safflower red (100 and 200 µM) inhibits LPS-induced decreases in collagen II and aggrecan levels and reverses LPS-induced increases in TNF expression in isolated rat nucleus pulposus cells. It reverses decreases in serum glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and increases in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as decreases infarct area and brain edema induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury when administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg. Formulations containing safflower red have been used in the food, cosmetics, and clothing industries.

Chemical Structure

Safflower red

CAS#36338-96-2

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 598948

Name: Safflower red

CAS#: 36338-96-2

Chemical Formula: C43H42O22

Exact Mass: 910.2168

Molecular Weight: 910.78

Elemental Analysis: C, 56.71; H, 4.65; O, 38.65

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
5g	USD 350.00	2 Weeks
10g	USD 550.00	2 Weeks
25g	USD 950.00	2 Weeks

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Synonym

Carthamin; Carthamin Yellow; Natural Red 26; Liofresh Red CR; Safflower red;

IUPAC/Chemical Name

(E)-5,6-dihydroxy-4-((E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl)-2-((2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-((E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl)-6-oxo-3-((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methylene)-6-((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)cyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dione

InChi Key

WLYGSPLCNKYESI-HTALNNRZSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C43H42O22/c44-14-24-30(52)32(54)34(56)40(64-24)42(62)36(58)20(28(50)26(38(42)60)22(48)11-5-16-1-7-18(46)8-2-16)13-21-29(51)27(23(49)12-6-17-3-9-19(47)10-4-17)39(61)43(63,37(21)59)41-35(57)33(55)31(53)25(15-45)65-41/h1-13,24-25,30-35,40-41,44-47,52-58,60-63H,14-15H2/b11-5+,12-6+,21-13+/t24-,25-,30-,31-,32+,33+,34-,35-,40-,41-,42?,43?/m1/s1

SMILES Code

O=C1/C(C(C(C(/C=C/C2=CC=C(O)C=C2)=O)=C(O)C1([C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O3)O)O)O)O)=O)=C/C4=C(O)C(O)([C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O5)O)O)O)C(O)=C(C(/C=C/C6=CC=C(O)C=C6)=O)C4=O

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

color value 30 (E1%,1cm,5) (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO, DMF, and PBS (pH 7.2)

Shelf Life

>3 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.03.00

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Safflower red, at concentrations of 100 and 200 µM, counteracts the effects of LPS on collagen II, aggrecan levels, and TNF expression in rat nucleus pulposus cells. In a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, a dose of 40 mg/kg of safflower red reverses changes in serum GSH, SOD, and MDA levels, reducing infarct area and brain edema induced by MCAO.

In vitro activity:

Safflower red may be a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. In this study, a protective effect of safflower red on cultured rat nucleus pulposus cells was observed against lipopolysaccharide-induced matrix degradation and inflammation. Pretreatment with safflower red significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of the MAPK pathway. Reference: Exp Ther Med. 2017 Aug;14(2):1614-1620. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28810627/

In vivo activity:

Safflower red treatment improved outcomes in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats, reducing neurological deficits, brain water content, and infarct size while increasing MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the cortex. Safflower red suppressed the cortex NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, lowered serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, and inhibited Fe2+ and ROS accumulation. It restored several protein expression levels in the brain. Safflower red reversed serum glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde levels. Reference: Int J Mol Med. 2021 Apr;47(4):52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33576458/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	DMF	1.0	1.10
	DMSO	5.0	5.49
	PBS (pH 7.2)	10.0	10.98

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 910.78 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Chen B, Wang HT, Yu B, Zhang JD, Feng Y. Carthamin yellow inhibits matrix degradation and inflammation induced by LPS in the intervertebral disc via suppression of MAPK pathway activation. Exp Ther Med. 2017 Aug;14(2):1614-1620. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4645. Epub 2017 Jun 22. PMID: 28810627; PMCID: PMC5525633. 2. Guo H, Zhu L, Tang P, Chen D, Li Y, Li J, Bao C. Carthamin yellow improves cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury by attenuating inflammation and ferroptosis in rats. Int J Mol Med. 2021 Apr;47(4):52. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4885. Epub 2021 Feb 12. PMID: 33576458; PMCID: PMC7895518.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Guo H, Zhu L, Tang P, Chen D, Li Y, Li J, Bao C. Carthamin yellow improves cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury by attenuating inflammation and ferroptosis in rats. Int J Mol Med. 2021 Apr;47(4):52. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4885. Epub 2021 Feb 12. PMID: 33576458; PMCID: PMC7895518.

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