Metam-sodium | CAS#137-42-8 | pesticide

MedKoo Cat#: 558096 | Name: Metam-sodium

Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Metam-sodium is an organosulfur compound, used as a soil fumigant, pesticide, herbicide, and fungicide.

Chemical Structure

Metam-sodium

CAS#137-42-8

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 558096

Name: Metam-sodium

CAS#: 137-42-8

Chemical Formula: C2H4NNaS2

Exact Mass: 0.0000

Molecular Weight: 129.17

Elemental Analysis: C, 18.60; H, 3.12; N, 10.84; Na, 17.80; S, 49.64

Price and Availability

This product is currently not in stock but may be available through custom synthesis. To ensure cost efficiency, the minimum order quantity is 1 gram. The estimated lead time is 2 to 4 months, with pricing dependent on the complexity of the synthesis (typically high for intricate chemistries). Quotes for quantities below 1 gram will not be provided. To request a quote, please click the button below. Note: If this product becomes available in stock in the future, pricing will be listed accordingly.

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Related CAS #

No Data

Synonym

Metham sodium; Sodium methyldithiocarbamate; Carbathione; Carbation; Carbothion;

IUPAC/Chemical Name

Carbamic acid, methyldithio-, monosodium salt (8CI)

InChi Key

AFCCDDWKHLHPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-M

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C2H5NS2.Na/c1-3-2(4)5;/h1H3,(H2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1

SMILES Code

[S-]C(NC)=S.[Na+]

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Metam-sodium is an organosulfur compound.

In vitro activity:

For chloropicrin, an extremely rapid oxidation-reduction process occurred in the presence of metam sodium. The second-order rate constant for the reaction between chloropicrin and metam sodium was approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than that for the reaction between 1,3-D isomers and metam sodium. Transformation of 1,3-D by metam sodium was associated with an aliphatic S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution process. Simultaneous application of metam sodium with chloropicrin or 1,3-D accelerated the transformation of the two halogenated fumigants, reducing their availability in soil. Reference: J Agric Food Chem. 2004 May 19;52(10):3002-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15137846/

In vivo activity:

These findings showed that chronic exposure to MS-BP (metam sodium-based pesticide) increased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice, accompanied by a depletion of serotonin-like neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus and a reduction in serotoninergic terminals in the infralimbic cortex and the basolateral amygdala. In addition, all MS-BP-exposed animals exhibited a reduced total bacterial number and diversity of gut microbiota. Reference: Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Jan 11;98:104066. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36640922/

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 129.17 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Zheng W, Yates SR, Guo M, Papiernik SK, Kim JH. Transformation of chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene by metam sodium in a combined application of fumigants. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 May 19;52(10):3002-9. doi: 10.1021/jf0498564. PMID: 15137846. 2. Stiles CL, Sams CE, Robinson DK, Coffey DL, Mueller TC. Influence of metam sodium on the dissipation and residual biological activity of the herbicides EPTC and pebulate in surface soil under black plastic mulch. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Oct;48(10):4681-6. doi: 10.1021/jf000564m. PMID: 11052719. 3. Kaikai NE, Ba-M Hamed S, Slimani A, Dilagui I, Hanchi AL, Soraa N, Mezrioui NE, Bennis M, Ghanima A. Chronic exposure to metam sodium-based pesticide in mice during adulthood elevated anxiety and depression-like behaviors: Involvement of serotoninergic depletion and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Jan 11;98:104066. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104066. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36640922. 4. Kaikai NE, Ba-M'hamed S, Ghanima A, Bennis M. Metam sodium exposure during pregnancy and lactation in mice caused behavioral abnormalities and oxidative stress in offspring. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2021 Jul;85:103630. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103630. Epub 2021 Mar 9. PMID: 33711515.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Kaikai NE, Ba-M Hamed S, Slimani A, Dilagui I, Hanchi AL, Soraa N, Mezrioui NE, Bennis M, Ghanima A. Chronic exposure to metam sodium-based pesticide in mice during adulthood elevated anxiety and depression-like behaviors: Involvement of serotoninergic depletion and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Jan 11;98:104066. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104066. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36640922. 2. Kaikai NE, Ba-M'hamed S, Ghanima A, Bennis M. Metam sodium exposure during pregnancy and lactation in mice caused behavioral abnormalities and oxidative stress in offspring. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2021 Jul;85:103630. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103630. Epub 2021 Mar 9. PMID: 33711515.

1: Park CG, Son JK, Lee BH, Cho JH, Ren Y. Comparison of Ethanedinitrile (C2N2) and Metam Sodium for Control of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchidae) and Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Naturally Infested Logs at Low Temperatures. J Econ Entomol. 2014 Dec;107(6):2055-60. doi: 10.1603/EC14009. PubMed PMID: 26470069. 2: Woodrow JE, LePage JT, Miller GC, Hebert VR. Determination of methyl isocyanate in outdoor residential air near metam-sodium soil fumigations. J Agric Food Chem. 2014 Sep 10;62(36):8921-7. doi: 10.1021/jf501696a. Epub 2014 Sep 2. PubMed PMID: 25144617. 3: Ajwa HA, Sullivan DA, Holdsworth MT, Sullivan RD, Nelson SD. Reduction of methyl isothiocyanate atmospheric emissions after application of metam sodium by shank injection. J Environ Qual. 2013 Nov;42(6):1652-60. doi: 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0182. PubMed PMID: 25602406. 4: Fetterer RH, Jenkins MC, Miska KB, Cain GD. Metam sodium reduces viability and infectivity of Eimeria oocysts. J Parasitol. 2010 Jun;96(3):632-7. doi: 10.1645/GE-2345.1. PubMed PMID: 20557209. 5: Bretaudeau Deguigne M, Lagarce L, Boels D, Harry P. Metam sodium intoxication: the specific role of degradation products--methyl isothiocyanate and carbon disulphide--as a function of exposure. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011 Jun;49(5):416-22. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2011.585472. PubMed PMID: 21740140. 6: Triky-Dotan S, Ofek M, Austerweil M, Steiner B, Minz D, Katan J, Gamliel A. Microbial aspects of accelerated degradation of metam sodium in soil. Phytopathology. 2010 Apr;100(4):367-75. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-100-4-0367. PubMed PMID: 20205540. 7: Pruett SB, Myers LP, Keil DE. Toxicology of metam sodium. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2001 Apr-Jun;4(2):207-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 11341074. 8: Stiles CL, Sams CE, Robinson DK, Coffey DL, Mueller TC. Influence of metam sodium on the dissipation and residual biological activity of the herbicides EPTC and pebulate in surface soil under black plastic mulch. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Oct;48(10):4681-6. PubMed PMID: 11052719. 9: Cone JE, Wugofski L, Balmes JR, Das R, Bowler R, Alexeeff G, Shusterman D. Persistent respiratory health effects after a metam sodium pesticide spill. Chest. 1994 Aug;106(2):500-8. PubMed PMID: 7774327. 10: O'Malley M, Barry T, Verder-Carlos M, Rubin A. Modeling of methyl isothiocyanate air concentrations associated with community illnesses following a metam-sodium sprinkler application. Am J Ind Med. 2004 Jul;46(1):1-15. PubMed PMID: 15202120. 11: de Solla SR, Palonen KE, Martin PA. Toxicity of pesticides associated with potato production, including soil fumigants, to snapping turtle eggs (Chelydra serpentina). Environ Toxicol Chem. 2014 Jan;33(1):102-6. doi: 10.1002/etc.2393. PubMed PMID: 24105794. 12: Kreutzer RA, Hewitt DJ, Sun R, Draper W, Mangiamele D, Goldman L, Jackson R, Smith D, Shusterman D. A community-based epidemiologic study of acute health effects from a metam-sodium spill on California's Sacramento River. Toxicol Ind Health. 1996 Mar-Apr;12(2):267-75. PubMed PMID: 8794539. 13: Ibekwe AM, Papiernik SK, Yang CH. Enrichment and molecular characterization of chloropicrin- and metam-sodium-degrading microbial communities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004 Dec;66(3):325-32. PubMed PMID: 15309337. 14: Goldman JM, Cooper RL, Murr AS. Reproductive functions and hypothalamic catecholamines in response to the soil fumigant metam sodium: adaptations to extended exposures. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2007 May-Jun;29(3):368-76. Epub 2006 Dec 6. PubMed PMID: 17258889. 15: Triky-Dotan S, Austerweil M, Steiner B, Peretz-Alon Y, Katan J, Gamliel A. Accelerated degradation of metam-sodium in soil and consequences for root-disease management. Phytopathology. 2009 Apr;99(4):362-8. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-99-4-0362. PubMed PMID: 19271977. 16: Wang D, Fraedrich SW, Juzwik J, Spokas K, Zhang Y, Koskinen WC. Fumigant distribution in forest nursery soils under water seal and plastic film after application of dazomet, metam-sodium and chloropicrin. Pest Manag Sci. 2006 Mar;62(3):263-73. PubMed PMID: 16475238. 17: Tan W, Pruett SB. Effects of sodium methyldithiocarbamate on selected parameters of innate immunity and clearance of bacteria in a mouse model of sepsis. Life Sci. 2015 Oct 15;139:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.08.001. Epub 2015 Aug 15. PubMed PMID: 26281915; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4825695. 18: Warton B, Matthiessen JN. The crucial role of calcium interacting with soil pH in enhanced biodegradation of metam-sodium. Pest Manag Sci. 2005 Sep;61(9):856-62. PubMed PMID: 16010663. 19: Zheng W, Yates SR, Guo M, Papiernik SK, Kim JH. Transformation of chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene by metam sodium in a combined application of fumigants. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 May 19;52(10):3002-9. PubMed PMID: 15137846. 20: Li LY, Barry T, Mongar K, Wofford P. Modeling methyl isothiocyanate soil flux and emission ratio from a field following a chemigation of metam-sodium. J Environ Qual. 2006 Apr 3;35(3):707-13. Print 2006 May-Jun. PubMed PMID: 16585612.