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MedKoo Cat#: 562844 | Name: Pidotomod
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Pidotomod is an immunomodulator.

Chemical Structure

Pidotomod
Pidotomod
CAS#121808-62-6

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 562844

Name: Pidotomod

CAS#: 121808-62-6

Chemical Formula: C9H12N2O4S

Exact Mass: 244.0518

Molecular Weight: 244.27

Elemental Analysis: C, 44.25; H, 4.95; N, 11.47; O, 26.20; S, 13.13

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5g USD 260.00
10g USD 420.00
25g USD 700.00
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Synonym
Pidotomod; PGT/1A; PGT 1A; PGT1A; PGT-1A;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(R)-3-((S)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
InChi Key
UUTKICFRNVKFRG-WDSKDSINSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C9H12N2O4S/c12-7-2-1-5(10-7)8(13)11-4-16-3-6(11)9(14)15/h5-6H,1-4H2,(H,10,12)(H,14,15)/t5-,6-/m0/s1
SMILES Code
O=C([C@H]1N(C([C@H](CC2)NC2=O)=O)CSC1)O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Pidotimod is an orally active dipeptide immunostimulant with immunomodulatory properties on the adaptive and the innate immune responses.
In vitro activity:
Here, this study shows that PDT (pidotimod) is capable of activating tyrosine phosphorylation-based cell signaling in human primary monocytes and triggering rapid adhesion and chemotaxis. PDT-induced monocyte migration requires the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and chemokine receptor CXCR3. Indeed, a mAb to CXCR3 and a specific receptor inhibitor suppressed significantly PDT-dependent chemotaxis, and CXCR3-silenced primary monocytes lost responsiveness to PDT chemoattraction. Moreover, these results highlighted that the PDT-induced migratory activity is sustained by the CXCR3A isoform, since CXCR3-transfected L1.2 cells acquired responsiveness to PDT stimulation. Reference: Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 24;20(21):5287. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31653015/
In vivo activity:
This study used tail wound and infection models of zebrafish to study the effect of PDT (pidotimod) on inflammation. This study found that zebrafish larvae were sensitive to PDT immersion causing toxicity at doses above 50 μg/mL. The tail wound assay showed that PDT increased the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to the wound site and promoted the transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokine il1b. Reference: Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Jan;120:429-433. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34922016/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMF 2.0 8.19
DMSO 51.3 210.15
PBS (pH 7.2) 2.0 8.19
Water 17.5 71.64
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 244.27 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Caccuri F, Bugatti A, Corbellini S, Roversi S, Zani A, Mazzuca P, Marsico S, Caruso A, Giagulli C. The Synthetic Dipeptide Pidotimod Shows a Chemokine-Like Activity through CXC Chemokine Receptor 3 (CXCR3). Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 24;20(21):5287. doi: 10.3390/ijms20215287. PMID: 31653015; PMCID: PMC6862300. 2. Fogli M, Caccuri F, Iaria ML, Giagulli C, Corbellini S, Campilongo F, Caruso A, Fiorentini S. The immunomodulatory molecule pidotimod induces the expression of the NOD-like receptor NLRP12 and attenuates TLR-induced inflammation. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2014 Oct-Dec;28(4):753-66. PMID: 25620184. 3. Ding L, Luo K, Feng CG, Oehlers SH. Pidotimod increases inflammation in wounded zebrafish embryos. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Jan;120:429-433. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.013. Epub 2021 Dec 16. PMID: 34922016. 4. Fu LQ, Li YL, Fu AK, Wu YP, Wang YY, Hu SL, Li WF. Pidotimod exacerbates allergic pulmonary infection in an OVA mouse model of asthma. Mol Med Rep. 2017 Oct;16(4):4151-4158. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7046. Epub 2017 Jul 21. PMID: 28731127.
In vitro protocol:
1. Caccuri F, Bugatti A, Corbellini S, Roversi S, Zani A, Mazzuca P, Marsico S, Caruso A, Giagulli C. The Synthetic Dipeptide Pidotimod Shows a Chemokine-Like Activity through CXC Chemokine Receptor 3 (CXCR3). Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 24;20(21):5287. doi: 10.3390/ijms20215287. PMID: 31653015; PMCID: PMC6862300. 2. Fogli M, Caccuri F, Iaria ML, Giagulli C, Corbellini S, Campilongo F, Caruso A, Fiorentini S. The immunomodulatory molecule pidotimod induces the expression of the NOD-like receptor NLRP12 and attenuates TLR-induced inflammation. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2014 Oct-Dec;28(4):753-66. PMID: 25620184.
In vivo protocol:
1. Ding L, Luo K, Feng CG, Oehlers SH. Pidotimod increases inflammation in wounded zebrafish embryos. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Jan;120:429-433. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.013. Epub 2021 Dec 16. PMID: 34922016. 2. Fu LQ, Li YL, Fu AK, Wu YP, Wang YY, Hu SL, Li WF. Pidotimod exacerbates allergic pulmonary infection in an OVA mouse model of asthma. Mol Med Rep. 2017 Oct;16(4):4151-4158. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7046. Epub 2017 Jul 21. PMID: 28731127.
1: Burgio GR, Marseglia GL, Severi F, De Benedetti F, Masarone M, Ottolenghi A, Pagliano L, Serra U, Nespoli L. Immunoactivation by pidotimod in children with recurrent respiratory infections. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1525-9. PubMed PMID: 7857357. 2: Motta G, De Campora E, De Vita C, Esposito S, Galletti C, Incutti V, Mallardi V, Motta S, Pucci V, Salonna F, et al. Immunoactivity of pidotimod against episodes of recurrent tonsillitis in childhood. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1521-4. PubMed PMID: 7857356. 3: Ciaccia A. Pidotimod activity against chronic bronchitis exacerbations. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1516-20. PubMed PMID: 7857355. 4: Passali D, Calearo C, Conticello S. Pidotimod in the management of recurrent pharyngotonsillar infections in childhood. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1511-6. PubMed PMID: 7857354. 5: Careddu P. Role of immunoactivation with pidotimod in recurrent respiratory infections in childhood. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1506-11. PubMed PMID: 7857353. 6: Benetti GP, Illeni MT, Passera A, Bombelli G, Lavecchia G, Uslenghi C. Ex vivo evaluation of pidotimod activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1503-5. PubMed PMID: 7857352. 7: Bisetti A, Ciappi G, Bariffi F, Catena E, Rocco V, Vaccaro L, Grassi V, Scarpazza G, Bertoli L, Cardani A, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of pidotimod in the exacerbations in patients affected with chronic bronchitis. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1499-502. PubMed PMID: 7857351. 8: Pozzi E, Dolcetti A, Orlandi O, Cirianni C, Moreo G, Piacenza G, Rampulla C, Fugazza L, Scarpazza G. Pidotimod in the treatment of patients affected by bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1495-8. PubMed PMID: 7857350. 9: Clemente E, Solli R, Mei V, Cera R, Caramia G, Carnelli V, Ruffini E, Venturoli V, Corsini A. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of pidotimod in the treatment of urinary tract infections in children. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1490-4. PubMed PMID: 7857349. 10: Careddu P, Mei V, Venturoli V, Corsini A. Pidotimod in the treatment of recurrent respiratory infections in paediatric patients. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1485-9. PubMed PMID: 7857348. 11: Caramia G, Clemente E, Solli R, Mei V, Cera R, Carnelli V, Venturoli V, Corsini A. Efficacy and safety of pidotimod in the treatment of recurrent respiratory infections in children. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1480-4. PubMed PMID: 7857347. 12: Benetti GP, Fugazza L, Stramba Badiale M, Montalto F, Bombelli G, La Vecchia G, Illeni MT, Uslenghi C. Ex vivo evaluation of pidotimod activity on cell-mediated immunity. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1476-9. PubMed PMID: 7857346. 13: D'Angelo L, De Ponti F, Crema F, Caravaggi M, Crema A. Effect of food on the bioavailability of pidotimod in healthy volunteers. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1473-5. PubMed PMID: 7857345. 14: Spotti D, Biffi M, Coppi G, Silingardi S, Mailland F. Pharmacokinetics of pidotimod in elderly volunteers and in renal failure patients. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1470-2. PubMed PMID: 7857344. 15: Mailland F, Coppi G, Silingardi S. Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of pidotimod in humans. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1465-9. PubMed PMID: 7857343. 16: Coppi G, Silingardi S. Pharmacokinetics of pidotimod in rats and dogs. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1460-4. PubMed PMID: 7857342. 17: Adams K, Allen JA, Brooker PC, Henderson L, Jones E, Proudlock RJ, Mailland F, Coppi G. Genotoxicity testing of pidotimod in vitro and in vivo. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1454-9. PubMed PMID: 7857341. 18: Coppi G, Amico-Roxas M, Bertè F, Bussi R, Gnemi P, Harling RJ, Mailland F, Manzardo S, Massey JE, Spencer-Briggs DJ, et al. Toxicological evaluation of pidotimod. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1448-53. PubMed PMID: 7857340. 19: Manzardo S, Falcone A, Pinzetta A, Ieva G, Coppi G. General pharmacology of pidotimod and testing for drug interactions. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1441-7. PubMed PMID: 7857339. 20: Chiarenza A, Iurato MP, Barbera N, Lempereur L, Cantarella G, Scapagnini U, Scapagnini G, Bernardini R. Effects of pidotimod on the immune and the neuroendocrine system in the aging rat. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Dec;44(12A):1437-40. PubMed PMID: 7857338.