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MedKoo Cat#: 341325 | Name: Rhodamine 123
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Rhodamine dyes are membrane-permeable cationic fluorescent probes that specifically recognize mitochondrial membrane potentials, thereby attaching to mitochondria and producing bright fluorescence. At certain concentrations, rhodamine dyes have low toxicity to cells, so they are commonly used to detect mitochondria in animal cells, plant cells, and microorganisms.

Chemical Structure

Rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123
CAS#62669-70-9

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 341325

Name: Rhodamine 123

CAS#: 62669-70-9

Chemical Formula: C21H17ClN2O3

Exact Mass: 0.0000

Molecular Weight: 380.83

Elemental Analysis: C, 66.23; H, 4.50; Cl, 9.31; N, 7.36; O, 12.60

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
10mg USD 285.00 2 weeks
25mg USD 520.00 2 weeks
50mg USD 850.00 2 weeks
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Related CAS #
No Data
Synonym
Rhodamine 123; R 22420; R 302; RH 123.
IUPAC/Chemical Name
Xanthylium, 3,6-diamino-9-(2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-, chloride
InChi Key
TUFFYSFVSYUHPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C21H17N2O3.ClH/c1-25-21(24)15-5-3-2-4-14(15)20-16-8-6-12(22)10-18(16)26-19-11-13(23)7-9-17(19)20;/h2-11H,22-23H2,1H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
SMILES Code
O=C(C1=CC=CC=C1C2=C3C=CC(N)=CC3=[O+]C4=C2C=CC(N)=C4)OC.[Cl-]
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Rhodamine 123 is a dye.
In vitro activity:
During hypoxia, rhodamine-123 accumulation in vascular endothelial cell cultures after CBD treatment is similar to that of Tariquidar. This study suggests a direct effect of CBD on the rhodamine-123 P-gp-dependent efflux activity, which might explain why CBD treatment regimen in refractory epilepsy patients results in a significant reduction in seizure frequency. Reference: Fluids Barriers CNS. 2021 Feb 8;18(1):6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32256321/
In vivo activity:
Administration of rhodamine-123 to infant rats resulted in a higher transfer into the brain than equivalent doses at later stages of life or equivalent maternal doses during gestation. Transfer of rhodamine-123 from maternal blood to fetal blood was around 20%. Of the rhodamine-123 that reached fetal circulation, 43% transferred into brain and 38% into blood-cerebrospinal fluid. Transfer from maternal blood across placental and brain barriers into fetal brain was approximately 9%. Reference: Fluids Barriers CNS. 2021 Feb 8;18(1):6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33557872/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMSO 62.5 164.12
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 380.83 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Auzmendi J, Palestro P, Blachman A, Gavernet L, Merelli A, Talevi A, Calabrese GC, Ramos AJ, Lazarowski A. Cannabidiol (CBD) Inhibited Rhodamine-123 Efflux in Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells and Astrocytes Under Hypoxic Conditions. Front Behav Neurosci. 2020 Mar 17;14:32. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00032. PMID: 32256321; PMCID: PMC7090129. 2. Itoh H, Nishikawa S, Haraguchi T, Arikawa Y, Hiyama M, Iseri T, Itoh Y, Nakaichi M, Taura Y, Tani K, Itamoto K. Identification of rhodamine 123-positive stem cell subpopulations in canine hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Rep. 2017 Jul;7(1):73-78. doi: 10.3892/br.2017.925. Epub 2017 Jun 7. PMID: 28685064; PMCID: PMC5492824. 3. Koehn LM, Dziegielewska KM, Habgood MD, Huang Y, Saunders NR. Transfer of rhodamine-123 into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of fetal, neonatal and adult rats. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2021 Feb 8;18(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12987-021-00241-8. PMID: 33557872; PMCID: PMC7871379. 4. Watcharin W, Schmithals C, Pleli T, Köberle V, Korkusuz H, Hübner F, Waidmann O, Zeuzem S, Korf HW, Terfort A, Gelperina S, Vogl TJ, Kreuter J, Piiper A. Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice by Gd-DTPA- and rhodamine 123-conjugated human serum albumin nanoparticles in T1 magnetic resonance imaging. J Control Release. 2015 Feb 10;199:63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.11.023. Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID: 25499552.
In vitro protocol:
1. Auzmendi J, Palestro P, Blachman A, Gavernet L, Merelli A, Talevi A, Calabrese GC, Ramos AJ, Lazarowski A. Cannabidiol (CBD) Inhibited Rhodamine-123 Efflux in Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells and Astrocytes Under Hypoxic Conditions. Front Behav Neurosci. 2020 Mar 17;14:32. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00032. PMID: 32256321; PMCID: PMC7090129. 2. Itoh H, Nishikawa S, Haraguchi T, Arikawa Y, Hiyama M, Iseri T, Itoh Y, Nakaichi M, Taura Y, Tani K, Itamoto K. Identification of rhodamine 123-positive stem cell subpopulations in canine hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Rep. 2017 Jul;7(1):73-78. doi: 10.3892/br.2017.925. Epub 2017 Jun 7. PMID: 28685064; PMCID: PMC5492824.
In vivo protocol:
1. Koehn LM, Dziegielewska KM, Habgood MD, Huang Y, Saunders NR. Transfer of rhodamine-123 into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of fetal, neonatal and adult rats. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2021 Feb 8;18(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12987-021-00241-8. PMID: 33557872; PMCID: PMC7871379. 2. Watcharin W, Schmithals C, Pleli T, Köberle V, Korkusuz H, Hübner F, Waidmann O, Zeuzem S, Korf HW, Terfort A, Gelperina S, Vogl TJ, Kreuter J, Piiper A. Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice by Gd-DTPA- and rhodamine 123-conjugated human serum albumin nanoparticles in T1 magnetic resonance imaging. J Control Release. 2015 Feb 10;199:63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.11.023. Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID: 25499552.
1: Namazian Jam N, Gottlöber F, Hempel M, Dzekhtsiarova Y, Behrens S, Sonntag F, Sradnick J, Hugo C, Schmieder F. Microphysiological Conditions Do Not Affect MDR1-Mediated Transport of Rhodamine 123 above an Artificial Proximal Tubule. Biomedicines. 2023 Jul 20;11(7):2045. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11072045. PMID: 37509683; PMCID: PMC10376999. 2: Zorova LD, Demchenko EA, Korshunova GA, Tashlitsky VN, Zorov SD, Andrianova NV, Popkov VA, Babenko VA, Pevzner IB, Silachev DN, Plotnikov EY, Zorov DB. Is the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (∆Ψ) Correctly Assessed? Intracellular and Intramitochondrial Modifications of the ∆Ψ Probe, Rhodamine 123. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 1;23(1):482. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010482. PMID: 35008907; PMCID: PMC8745654. 3: Koehn LM, Dziegielewska KM, Habgood MD, Huang Y, Saunders NR. Transfer of rhodamine-123 into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of fetal, neonatal and adult rats. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2021 Feb 8;18(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12987-021-00241-8. PMID: 33557872; PMCID: PMC7871379. 4: Kandhasamy DM, Selvaraju C, Dharuman V. Structure and dynamics of poly(methacrylic acid) and its interpolymer complex probed by covalently bound rhodamine-123. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2021 Mar 5;248:119166. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119166. Epub 2020 Nov 12. PMID: 33310609. 5: Auzmendi J, Palestro P, Blachman A, Gavernet L, Merelli A, Talevi A, Calabrese GC, Ramos AJ, Lazarowski A. Cannabidiol (CBD) Inhibited Rhodamine-123 Efflux in Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells and Astrocytes Under Hypoxic Conditions. Front Behav Neurosci. 2020 Mar 17;14:32. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00032. PMID: 32256321; PMCID: PMC7090129. 6: Nasim F, Schmid D, Szakács G, Sohail A, Sitte HH, Chiba P, Stockner T. Active transport of rhodamine 123 by the human multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein involves two independent outer gates. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2020 Apr;8(2):e00572. doi: 10.1002/prp2.572. PMID: 32232949; PMCID: PMC7105846. 7: Banerjee R, Purkayastha P. Revival of the nearly extinct fluorescence of coumarin 6 in water and complete transfer of energy to rhodamine 123. Soft Matter. 2017 Aug 23;13(33):5506-5508. doi: 10.1039/c7sm01198a. PMID: 28805220. 8: Itoh H, Nishikawa S, Haraguchi T, Arikawa Y, Hiyama M, Iseri T, Itoh Y, Nakaichi M, Taura Y, Tani K, Itamoto K. Identification of rhodamine 123-positive stem cell subpopulations in canine hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Rep. 2017 Jul;7(1):73-78. doi: 10.3892/br.2017.925. Epub 2017 Jun 7. PMID: 28685064; PMCID: PMC5492824. 9: Luo Y, Yu H, Ou W, Jia L, Huang Y. Characterization of rhodamine 123 low staining cells and their dynamic changes during the injured-repaired progress induced by 5-FU. Pathol Res Pract. 2017 Jul;213(7):742-748. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.04.008. Epub 2017 Apr 20. PMID: 28554763. 10: Ogushi N, Sasaki K, Shimoda M. CAN a P-gp modulator assist in the control of methotrexate concentrations in the rat brain? -inhibitory effects of rhodamine 123, a specific substrate for P-gp, on methotrexate excretion from the rat brain and its optimal route of administration. J Vet Med Sci. 2017 Feb 14;79(2):320-327. doi: 10.1292/jvms.16-0315. Epub 2016 Dec 5. PMID: 27916761; PMCID: PMC5326937. 11: Gao L, Yuan T, Cheng P, Zhou C, Ao J, Wang W, Zhang H. Organic UV filters inhibit multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) activity in Tetrahymena thermophila: investigations by the Rhodamine 123 accumulation assay and molecular docking. Ecotoxicology. 2016 Sep;25(7):1318-26. doi: 10.1007/s10646-016-1684-0. Epub 2016 Jun 17. PMID: 27315091. 12: Jouan E, Le Vée M, Mayati A, Denizot C, Parmentier Y, Fardel O. Evaluation of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitory Potential Using a Rhodamine 123 Accumulation Assay. Pharmaceutics. 2016 Apr 12;8(2):12. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8020012. PMID: 27077878; PMCID: PMC4932475. 13: Xin HW, Tang X, Ouyang M, Zhong JX, Li WL. Effects of berberine on pharmacokinetics of midazolam and rhodamine 123 in rats in vivo. Springerplus. 2016 Mar 29;5:380. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-2013-z. PMID: 27066387; PMCID: PMC4811842. 14: Zhang Y, Zeng Z, Zhao J, Li D, Liu M, Wang X. Measurement of Rhodamine 123 in Three-Dimensional Organoids: A Novel Model for P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor Screening. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016 Oct;119(4):349-52. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12596. Epub 2016 May 27. PMID: 27060462. 15: Tsirigotakis N, Christodoulou V, Ntais P, Mazeris A, Koutala E, Messaritakis I, Antoniou M. Geographical Distribution of MDR1 Expression in Leishmania Isolates, from Greece and Cyprus, Measured by the Rhodamine-123 Efflux Potential of the Isolates, Using Flow Cytometry. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016 May 4;94(5):987-92. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0658. Epub 2016 Mar 21. PMID: 27001764; PMCID: PMC4856631. 16: Zhao W, Uehera S, Tanaka K, Tadokoro S, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Effects of Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Ethers on the Intestinal Transport and Absorption of Rhodamine 123: A P-glycoprotein Substrate by In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. J Pharm Sci. 2016 Apr;105(4):1526-34. doi: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.020. Epub 2016 Mar 8. PMID: 26968974. 17: Liang Q, Duan L, Zhuang Z, Zhao B, Liu Y, Wang S, Yang F, Liu S, Li G. [Effect of capsaicin on intestinal permeation of P-glycoprotein substrate rhodamine 123 and fluorescein sodium in rats]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2015 May;35(5):724-7, 732. Chinese. PMID: 26018271. 18: Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI, Alam MA. Rhodamine-123: a p-glycoprotein marker complex with sodium lauryl sulfate. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015 Mar;28(2):617-22. PMID: 25730814. 19: Watcharin W, Schmithals C, Pleli T, Köberle V, Korkusuz H, Hübner F, Waidmann O, Zeuzem S, Korf HW, Terfort A, Gelperina S, Vogl TJ, Kreuter J, Piiper A. Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice by Gd-DTPA- and rhodamine 123-conjugated human serum albumin nanoparticles in T1 magnetic resonance imaging. J Control Release. 2015 Feb 10;199:63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.11.023. Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID: 25499552. 20: Masum AA, Chakraborty M, Pandya P, Halder UC, Islam MM, Mukhopadhyay S. Thermodynamic study of rhodamine 123-calf thymus DNA interaction: determination of calorimetric enthalpy by optical melting study. J Phys Chem B. 2014 Nov 20;118(46):13151-61. doi: 10.1021/jp509326r. Epub 2014 Nov 10. PMID: 25383921.