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MedKoo Cat#: 562222 | Name: Toxoflavin
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

PKF118-310 is a WNT-signaling modulator. It acts by antagonizing Tcf4/β-catenin signaling, and inhibiting the Notch pathway. Toxoflavin is highly toxic to plants, fungi, animals and microorganisms.

Chemical Structure

Toxoflavin
Toxoflavin
CAS#84-82-2

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 562222

Name: Toxoflavin

CAS#: 84-82-2

Chemical Formula: C7H7N5O2

Exact Mass: 193.0600

Molecular Weight: 193.17

Elemental Analysis: C, 43.53; H, 3.65; N, 36.26; O, 16.57

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5mg USD 260.00
10mg USD 460.00
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Related CAS #
No Data
Synonym
PKF118-310; PKF118 310; PKF118310; Toxoflavin; Xanthothricin;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
1,6-Dimethyl-pyrimido[5,4-e]-1,2,4-triazine-5,7(1H,6H)-dione
InChi Key
SLGRAIAQIAUZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C7H7N5O2/c1-11-6(13)4-5(10-7(11)14)12(2)9-3-8-4/h3H,1-2H3
SMILES Code
O=C(C1=NC=NN(C)C1=N2)N(C)C2=O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Certificate of Analysis
View CoA: current batch, Lot#C9M10C31
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
View Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Instruction
View handling instruction

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 193.17 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
1: Choi O, Lee Y, Kang B, Kim J. Toxoflavin contamination in rice samples from rice processing complexes in South Korea. Int J Food Microbiol. 2023 Jan 16;385:110014. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110014. Epub 2022 Nov 11. PMID: 36399839. 2: Faucher SP, Matthews S, Nickzad A, Vounba P, Shetty D, Bédard É, Prévost M, Déziel E, Paranjape K. Toxoflavin secreted by Pseudomonas alcaliphila inhibits the growth of Legionella pneumophila and Vermamoeba vermiformis. Water Res. 2022 Jun 1;216:118328. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118328. Epub 2022 Mar 19. PMID: 35364354. 3: Song K, Li W, Zhao Z, Li H, Liu Y, Zhao G, He HY, Du YL. Heterologous Reconstitution of Toxoflavin Biosynthesis Reveals Key Pathway Intermediates and a Cofactor-Independent Oxidase. Org Lett. 2023 Apr 28;25(16):2918-2922. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01000. Epub 2023 Apr 19. PMID: 37074364. 4: Li X, Li Y, Wang R, Wang Q, Lu L. Toxoflavin Produced by Burkholderia gladioli from Lycoris aurea Is a New Broad-Spectrum Fungicide. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2019 Apr 18;85(9):e00106-19. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00106-19. PMID: 30824447; PMCID: PMC6495751. 5: Kim N, Lee D, Lee SB, Lim GH, Kim SW, Kim TJ, Park DS, Seo YS. Understanding Burkholderia glumae BGR1 Virulence through the Application of Toxoflavin- Degrading Enzyme, TxeA. Plants (Basel). 2023 Nov 22;12(23):3934. doi: 10.3390/plants12233934. PMID: 38068569; PMCID: PMC10708333. 6: Wang H, Hu L, Chang X, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou P, Cui X. Determination of bacterial toxin toxoflavin and fervenulin in food and identification of their degradation products. Food Chem. 2023 Jan 15;399:134010. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134010. Epub 2022 Aug 27. PMID: 36058099. 7: Lee J, Park J, Kim S, Park I, Seo YS. Differential regulation of toxoflavin production and its role in the enhanced virulence of Burkholderia gladioli. Mol Plant Pathol. 2016 Jan;17(1):65-76. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12262. Epub 2015 May 7. PMID: 25845410; PMCID: PMC6638467. 8: Meirelles LA, Newman DK. Phenazines and toxoflavin act as interspecies modulators of resilience to diverse antibiotics. Mol Microbiol. 2022 Jun;117(6):1384-1404. doi: 10.1111/mmi.14915. Epub 2022 May 24. PMID: 35510686; PMCID: PMC10249331. 9: Gencheva R, Cheng Q, Arnér ESJ. Efficient selenocysteine-dependent reduction of toxoflavin by mammalian thioredoxin reductase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2018 Nov;1862(11):2511-2517. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.05.014. Epub 2018 May 25. PMID: 29807072. 10: Choi O, Lee Y, Park J, Kang B, Chun HJ, Kim MC, Kim J. A novel toxoflavin- quenching regulation in bacteria and its application to resistance cultivars. Microb Biotechnol. 2021 Jul;14(4):1657-1670. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.13831. Epub 2021 May 19. PMID: 34009736; PMCID: PMC8313270. 11: Jiang KL, Liu CM, Nie LT, Jiang HN, Xu L, Zhang KZ, Fan LX, Gao AH, Lin LL, Wang XY, Tan MJ, Zhang QQ, Zhou YB, Li J. Discovery of toxoflavin, a potent IRE1α inhibitor acting through structure-dependent oxidative inhibition. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2023 Jan;44(1):234-243. doi: 10.1038/s41401-022-00949-9. Epub 2022 Jul 15. Erratum in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2023 Dec;44(12):2550. doi: 10.1038/s41401-023-01132-4. PMID: 35840659; PMCID: PMC9812974. 12: Ogawa N, Imaizumi R, Hirano T, Suzuki J. Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 3-substituted toxoflavin analogs. J Pestic Sci. 2021 Aug 20;46(3):278-282. doi: 10.1584/jpestics.D21-010. PMID: 34566462; PMCID: PMC8422260. 13: Fenwick MK, Philmus B, Begley TP, Ealick SE. Toxoflavin lyase requires a novel 1-His-2-carboxylate facial triad. Biochemistry. 2011 Feb 15;50(6):1091-100. doi: 10.1021/bi101741v. Epub 2011 Jan 20. PMID: 21166463; PMCID: PMC3035768. 14: Jeong Y, Kim J, Kim S, Kang Y, Nagamatsu T, Hwang I. Toxoflavin Produced by Burkholderia glumae Causing Rice Grain Rot Is Responsible for Inducing Bacterial Wilt in Many Field Crops. Plant Dis. 2003 Aug;87(8):890-895. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.8.890. PMID: 30812790. 15: Choi JE, Nguyen CM, Lee B, Park JH, Oh JY, Choi JS, Kim JC, Song JK. Isolation and characterization of a novel metagenomic enzyme capable of degrading bacterial phytotoxin toxoflavin. PLoS One. 2018 Jan 2;13(1):e0183893. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183893. PMID: 29293506; PMCID: PMC5749703. 16: Philmus B, Shaffer BT, Kidarsa TA, Yan Q, Raaijmakers JM, Begley TP, Loper JE. Investigations into the Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Self-Resistance of Toxoflavin in Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5. Chembiochem. 2015 Aug 17;16(12):1782-90. doi: 10.1002/cbic.201500247. Epub 2015 Jul 3. PMID: 26077901. 17: Wu T, Liu W, Chen H, Hou L, Ren W, Zhang L, Hu J, Chen H, Chen C. Toxoflavin analog D43 exerts antiproliferative effects on breast cancer by inducing ROS- mediated apoptosis and DNA damage. Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 18;14(1):4008. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53843-1. PMID: 38369538; PMCID: PMC10874970. 18: Jiang KL, Liu CM, Nie LT, Jiang HN, Xu L, Zhang KZ, Fan LX, Gao AH, Lin LL, Wang XY, Tan MJ, Zhang QQ, Zhou YB, Li J. Author Correction: Discovery of toxoflavin, a potent IRE1α inhibitor acting through structure-dependent oxidative inhibition. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2023 Dec;44(12):2550. doi: 10.1038/s41401-023-01132-4. Erratum for: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2023 Jan;44(1):234-243. doi: 10.1038/s41401-022-00949-9. PMID: 37542201; PMCID: PMC10692070. 19: Yue QA. [Study of toxication of toxoflavin from Pseudomonas cocovenenans to immunocyte and detoxication]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1992 Sep;26(5):287-90. Chinese. PMID: 1338529. 20: Choi O, Kang B, Lee Y, Lee Y, Kim J. Pantoea ananatis carotenoid production confers toxoflavin tolerance and is regulated by Hfq-controlled quorum sensing. Microbiologyopen. 2021 Jan;10(1):e1143. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.1143. Epub 2020 Dec 2. PMID: 33269542; PMCID: PMC7883899.