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MedKoo Cat#: 527674 | Name: Plumbagin
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Plumbagin is a naphthoquinone from the roots of the Plumbago species and exhibits anticancer activity. Plumbagin is reported to exhibit potent larvicidal activity against several insect pests.

Chemical Structure

Plumbagin
Plumbagin
CAS#481-42-5

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 527674

Name: Plumbagin

CAS#: 481-42-5

Chemical Formula: C11H8O3

Exact Mass: 188.0473

Molecular Weight: 188.18

Elemental Analysis: C, 70.21; H, 4.29; O, 25.51

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
100mg USD 205.00 2 Weeks
250mg USD 325.00 2 Weeks
500mg USD 515.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
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Synonym
Plumbagin
IUPAC/Chemical Name
5-Hydroxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione
InChi Key
VCMMXZQDRFWYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C11H8O3/c1-6-5-9(13)10-7(11(6)14)3-2-4-8(10)12/h2-5,12H,1H3
SMILES Code
O=C1C(C)=CC(C2=C1C=CC=C2O)=O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Plumbagin (2-Methyljuglone) is a naphthoquinone isolated from Plumbago zeylanica, exhibits anticancer and antiproliferative activities.
In vitro activity:
MCF-7 (a human breast cancer cell line) was exposed different concentrations of Plumbagin (PG), and the anti-proliferative activity was evaluated by the MTT assay. The mechanism of action for the growth inhibitory activity of Plumbagin on MCF-7 cancer cells was evaluated using flow cytometry for cell cycle distribution, and western blot for assessment of expression of potential target proteins. Plumbagin exhibited a significant anti-proliferative activity against human breast cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Plumbagin caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Reference: Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2016;37(1):30-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27048106/
In vivo activity:
This study intends to evaluate plumbagin's effectiveness against PD in vitro and in vivo. Plumbagin partially repaired the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigral substantia nigra and the resulting behavioural impairment caused by MPTP or MPTP/probenecid in mice. Furthermore, plumbagin treatment significantly inhibited the TLR/NF-κB pathways. It reduced the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA expression in PD mice induced by MPTP or MPTP/probenecid, which was consistent with the findings in the inflammatory model of BV2 cells induced by MPP+ or LPS. Reference: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Dec 22;2022:1837278. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36589679/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 65.7 348.95
Ethanol 5.0 26.57
Methanol 5.0 26.57
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 188.18 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Zhang XQ, Yang CY, Rao XF, Xiong JP. Plumbagin shows anti-cancer activity in human breast cancer cells by the upregulation of p53 and p21 and suppression of G1 cell cycle regulators. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2016;37(1):30-5. PMID: 27048106. 2. Sumsakul W, Plengsuriyakarn T, Chaijaroenkul W, Viyanant V, Karbwang J, Na-Bangchang K. Antimalarial activity of plumbagin in vitro and in animal models. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Jan 12;14:15. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-15. PMID: 24410949; PMCID: PMC3897931. 3. Su Y, Li M, Wang Q, Xu X, Qin P, Huang H, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Yan J. Inhibition of the TLR/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Improvement of Autophagy Mediates Neuroprotective Effects of Plumbagin in Parkinson's Disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Dec 22;2022:1837278. doi: 10.1155/2022/1837278. PMID: 36589679; PMCID: PMC9800084. 4. Mehdizadeh S, Taherian M, Bayati P, Mousavizadeh K, Pashangzadeh S, Anisian A, Mojtabavi N. Plumbagin attenuates Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2022 Oct 21;18(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s13223-022-00734-7. PMID: 36271442; PMCID: PMC9585773.
In vitro protocol:
1. Zhang XQ, Yang CY, Rao XF, Xiong JP. Plumbagin shows anti-cancer activity in human breast cancer cells by the upregulation of p53 and p21 and suppression of G1 cell cycle regulators. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2016;37(1):30-5. PMID: 27048106. 2. Sumsakul W, Plengsuriyakarn T, Chaijaroenkul W, Viyanant V, Karbwang J, Na-Bangchang K. Antimalarial activity of plumbagin in vitro and in animal models. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Jan 12;14:15. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-15. PMID: 24410949; PMCID: PMC3897931.
In vivo protocol:
1. Su Y, Li M, Wang Q, Xu X, Qin P, Huang H, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Yan J. Inhibition of the TLR/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Improvement of Autophagy Mediates Neuroprotective Effects of Plumbagin in Parkinson's Disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Dec 22;2022:1837278. doi: 10.1155/2022/1837278. PMID: 36589679; PMCID: PMC9800084. 2. Mehdizadeh S, Taherian M, Bayati P, Mousavizadeh K, Pashangzadeh S, Anisian A, Mojtabavi N. Plumbagin attenuates Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2022 Oct 21;18(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s13223-022-00734-7. PMID: 36271442; PMCID: PMC9585773.
1: Li Y, Zhao ZA, Hu J, Lei T, Chen Q, Li J, Yang L, Hu D, Gao S. MeJA-induced hairy roots in Plumbago auriculata L. by RNA-seq profiling and key synthase provided new insights into the sustainable production of plumbagin and saponins. Front Plant Sci. 2024 Jul 12;15:1411963. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1411963. PMID: 39070915; PMCID: PMC11272555. 2: Li Q, Zhou SR, Kim H, Wang H, Zhu JJ, Yang JK. Discovering novel Cathepsin L inhibitors from natural products using artificial intelligence. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2024 Jun 7;23:2606-2614. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.06.009. PMID: 39006920; PMCID: PMC11245987. 3: Liu Z, Wei J, Sun H, Xu L. Plumbagin ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathways. J Cell Mol Med. 2024 Jul;28(13):e18386. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.18386. PMID: 38990057; PMCID: PMC11238321. 4: Usman FN, Sharma S. In-vitro Studies of Extracts of Plumbago Zeylanica in Cancer Cell Lines. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Jul 9;40:e20240010. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2024.010. PMID: 38979580. 5: Sun X, Li W, Yang S, Ni X, Han S, Wang M, Zhen C, Huang X. Insecticidal activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of a phytochemical plumbagin against Spodoptera frugiperda. Front Physiol. 2024 Jun 21;15:1427385. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1427385. PMID: 38974516; PMCID: PMC11224519. 6: Cao C, Li Y, Shi F, Jiang S, Li Y, Yang L, Zhou X, Gao Y, Tang F, Li H, Han S, Yu Z, Zou Y, Guo J. Nano co-delivery of doxorubicin and plumbagin achieves synergistic chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Pharm. 2024 Aug 15;661:124424. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124424. Epub 2024 Jul 4. PMID: 38971510. 7: Yadav JP, Verma A, Pathak P, Dwivedi AR, Singh AK, Kumar P, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Patel DK. Phytoconstituents as modulators of NF-κB signalling: Investigating therapeutic potential for diabetic wound healing. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Aug;177:117058. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117058. Epub 2024 Jul 4. PMID: 38968797. 8: Sharaf S, S S, Regidi S, Santhosh Aprem A, Gopimohan R, S L. Evaluation of molecular effects associated with apoptosis, tumour progression, angiogenesis and metastasis by a novel combination of drugs with ormeloxifene in triple negative breast cancer cells. Explor Target Antitumor Ther. 2024;5(3):551-567. doi: 10.37349/etat.2024.00235. Epub 2024 Jun 11. PMID: 38966180; PMCID: PMC11220290. 9: Subi TM, Selvasudha N, Priyadharshini S, Kumar P, Singh R, Vasanthi HR. Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Cytotoxic Potential of PlumbaginLoaded pH- Responsive Vaginal Nanoformulations. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024 Jun 27. doi: 10.1007/s12010-024-04987-3. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38935286. 10: Su HH, Lin ES, Huang YH, Lien Y, Huang CY. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp9 ssDNA-Binding Activity and Cytotoxic Effects on H838, H1975, and A549 Human Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells: Exploring the Potential of Nepenthes miranda Leaf Extract for Pulmonary Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 1;25(11):6120. doi: 10.3390/ijms25116120. PMID: 38892307; PMCID: PMC11173125. 11: Jirakiattikul Y, Ruangnoo S, Sangmukdee K, Chamchusri K, Rithichai P. Enhancement of Plumbagin Production through Elicitation in In Vitro-Regenerated Shoots of Plumbago indica L. Plants (Basel). 2024 May 23;13(11):1450. doi: 10.3390/plants13111450. PMID: 38891259; PMCID: PMC11174714. 12: Chauhan C, Singh P, Muthu SA, Parvez S, Selvapandiyan A, Ahmad B. Plumbagin accelerates serum albumin's amyloid aggregation kinetics and generates fibril polymorphism by inducing non-native β-sheet structures. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom. 2024 Sep 1;1872(5):141028. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2024.141028. Epub 2024 Jun 5. PMID: 38849109. 13: Zhou FL, Yuan B, Ye YX, Deng SY, Ma J, Liu H, Ma YZ, Wei YF. [Effects of plumbagin on proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells based on CKB/p53 signaling pathway]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2024 May;49(9):2345-2354. Chinese. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240115.705. PMID: 38812135. 14: Olson KR, Clear KJ, Takata T, Gao Y, Ma Z, Pfaff E, Travlos A, Luu J, Wilson K, Joseph Z, Kyle I, Kasko SM, Jones P Jr, Fukuto J, Xian M, Wu G, Straub KD. Reaction Mechanisms of H2S Oxidation by Naphthoquinones. Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 May 20;13(5):619. doi: 10.3390/antiox13050619. PMID: 38790724; PMCID: PMC11117753. 15: Behera N, Bhattacharyya G, Behera S, Behera RK. Iron mobilization from intact ferritin: effect of differential redox activity of quinone derivatives with NADH/O2 and in situ-generated ROS. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2024 Jun;29(4):455-475. doi: 10.1007/s00775-024-02058-w. Epub 2024 May 23. PMID: 38780762. 16: Sameni S, Viswanathan R, Ng GY, Martinez-Lopez W, Hande MP. Telomerase Inhibition by MST-312 Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to the Anti-cancer Properties of Plumbagin. Genome Integr. 2023 Sep 12;14:e20230002. doi: 10.14293/genint.14.1.003. PMID: 38765717; PMCID: PMC11102071. 17: Gu L, Pillay RP, Aronson R, Kaur M. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein knock-down in conjunction with a cholesterol-depleting agent decreases tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. IUBMB Life. 2024 May 11. doi: 10.1002/iub.2823. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38733508. 18: Shukla B, Kushwaha P, Saxena S, Gupta A, Panjwani D, Kumar S. Development and efficacy assessment of polyherbal phytosomal gel for accelerated wound healing. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2024 Aug;35(11):1684-1705. doi: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2346400. Epub 2024 May 3. PMID: 38700423. 19: Cong F, Gu L, Lin J, Liu G, Wang Q, Zhang L, Chi M, Xu Q, Zhao G, Li C. Plumbagin inhibits fungal growth, HMGB1/LOX-1 pathway and inflammatory factors in A. fumigatus keratitis. Front Microbiol. 2024 Apr 9;15:1383509. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383509. PMID: 38655086; PMCID: PMC11035880. 20: Wang B, Kong W, Lv L, Wang Z. Plumbagin induces ferroptosis in colon cancer cells by regulating p53-related SLC7A11 expression. Heliyon. 2024 Mar 21;10(7):e28364. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28364. PMID: 38596137; PMCID: PMC11002553.