Paracetamol | CAS# 103-90-2 | Inhibition

MedKoo Cat#: 581053 | Name: Paracetamol

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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Paracetamol is also known as acetaminophen. Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent for mild-to-moderate pain and fever. It is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and an analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.

Chemical Structure

Paracetamol

CAS#103-90-2

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 581053

Name: Paracetamol

CAS#: 103-90-2

Chemical Formula: C8H9NO2

Exact Mass: 151.0633

Molecular Weight: 151.17

Elemental Analysis: C, 63.56; H, 6.00; N, 9.27; O, 21.17

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
1g	USD 90.00	Ready to ship
5g	USD 150.00	Ready to ship
10g	USD 225.00	Ready to ship
25g	USD 400.00	Ready to ship

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Synonym

Paracetamol; p-Hydroxyacetanilide; Acetaminophen; N-Acetyl-4-aminophenol; APAP; N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide.

IUPAC/Chemical Name

N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide

InChi Key

RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C8H9NO2/c1-6(10)9-7-2-4-8(11)5-3-7/h2-5,11H,1H3,(H,9,10)

SMILES Code

O=C(C)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Certificate of Analysis

View CoA: current batch, Lot#C24B03B28

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

View Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Paracetamol is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 25.8 μM.

In vitro activity:

This study investigated the potential of postbiotics originated from Lactobacillus fermentum BGHV110 strain (HV110) to counteract paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Detrimental effect of paracetamol on cell viability was suppressed in the presence of HV110, which was linked with increased conversion of LC3 protein and p62/SQSTM1 protein degradation. Reference: Front Microbiol. 2017 Apr 6;8:594. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28428777/

In vivo activity:

This investigated the effect and mechanism of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. One hour after intraperitoneal injection of paracetamol, treatment with 8-MOP reduced serum transaminase levels and histopathological liver necrosis area. 8-MOP significantly reduced paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity dose-dependently, and the highest therapeutic dose of 8-MOP had no harmful effects on the liver. Reference: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2023 Apr 28:109617. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37121295/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	DMF	25.0	165.38
	DMSO	95.0	628.72
	Ethanol	20.1	132.70
	PBS (pH 7.2)	2.0	13.23
	Water	10.0	66.16

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 151.17 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Gao J, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang D, Zhang H. Acetaminophen changes the RNA m6A levels and m6A-related proteins expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocyte cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol. 2022 Oct 27;23(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s12860-022-00444-3. PMID: 36303109; PMCID: PMC9609262. 2. Dinić M, Lukić J, Djokić J, Milenković M, Strahinić I, Golić N, Begović J. Lactobacillus fermentum Postbiotic-induced Autophagy as Potential Approach for Treatment of Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity. Front Microbiol. 2017 Apr 6;8:594. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00594. PMID: 28428777; PMCID: PMC5382196. 3. Liu S, Cheng R, He H, Ding K, Zhang R, Chai Y, Yu Q, Huang X, Zhang L, Jiang Z. 8-methoxypsoralen protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by antagonising Cyp2e1 in mice. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2023 Apr 28:109617. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109617. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37121295. 4. Tang F, Wang Z, Zhou J, Yao J. Salvianolic Acid A Protects against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Regulation of the miR-485-3p/SIRT1 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Apr 3;12(4):870. doi: 10.3390/antiox12040870. PMID: 37107244; PMCID: PMC10135683.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Liu S, Cheng R, He H, Ding K, Zhang R, Chai Y, Yu Q, Huang X, Zhang L, Jiang Z. 8-methoxypsoralen protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by antagonising Cyp2e1 in mice. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2023 Apr 28:109617. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109617. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37121295. 2. Tang F, Wang Z, Zhou J, Yao J. Salvianolic Acid A Protects against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Regulation of the miR-485-3p/SIRT1 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Apr 3;12(4):870. doi: 10.3390/antiox12040870. PMID: 37107244; PMCID: PMC10135683.

1: Ibáñez-Redín G, Wilson D, Gonçalves D, Oliveira ON Jr.. Low-cost screen-printed electrodes based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide-carbon black nanocomposites for dopamine, epinephrine and paracetamol detection. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2017 Dec 30;515:101-108. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.085. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29331776. 2: Saeedan AS, Singh I, Ansari MN, Singh M, Rawat JK, Devi U, Gautam S, Yadav RK, Kaithwas G. Effect of early natal supplementation of paracetamol on attenuation of exotoxin/endotoxin induced pyrexia and precipitation of autistic like features in albino rats. Inflammopharmacology. 2018 Jan 11. doi: 10.1007/s10787-017-0440-2. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29327281. 3: Kumar RD, Premnath U. Novel Regimens in the Treatment of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India. 2017 Nov;65(11):71-78. PubMed PMID: 29322714. 4: Morthorst BR, Erlangsen A, Nordentoft M, Hawton K, Hoegberg LCG, Dalhoff KP. Availability of Paracetamol Sold Over-the-Counter in Europe: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional International Survey of Pack Size Restriction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018 Jan 10. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12959. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29319222. 5: Esh CJ, Mauger AR, Palfreeman RA, Al-Janubi H, Taylor L. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol): Use beyond Pain Management and Dose Variability. Front Physiol. 2017 Dec 22;8:1092. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01092. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 29312002; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5744234. 6: Sharma R, Gupta R, Choudhary R, Singh Bajwa SJ. Postoperative Analgesia with Intravenous Paracetamol and Dexmedetomidine in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Surgeries: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2017 Oct-Dec;7(4):218-222. doi: 10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR_25_17. PubMed PMID: 29308357; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5752804. 7: Sehitoglu MH, Yayla M, Kiraz A, Oztopuz RO, Bayir Y, Karaca T, Khalid S, Akpinar E. The effects of apomorphine on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2017 Dec 30;63(12):40-44. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.12.10. PubMed PMID: 29307340. 8: Arendrup FS, Mazaud-Guittot S, Jégou B, Kristensen DM. EDC IMPACT: Is exposure during pregnancy to acetaminophen/paracetamol disrupting female reproductive development? Endocr Connect. 2018 Jan 5. pii: EC-17-0298. doi: 10.1530/EC-17-0298. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29305399. 9: Salvatore S, Domanska D, Wood M, Nordeng H, Sandve GK. Complex patterns of concomitant medication use: A study among Norwegian women using paracetamol during pregnancy. PLoS One. 2017 Dec 28;12(12):e0190101. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190101. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 29284043; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5746239. 10: Heydari SM, Hashemi SJ, Pourali S. The Comparison of Preventive Analgesic Effects of Ketamine, Paracetamol and Magnesium Sulfate on Postoperative Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Adv Biomed Res. 2017 Oct 25;6:134. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.217217. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 29279832; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5674649. 11: Taipale-Kovalainen K, Karttunen AP, Ketolainen J, Korhonen O. Lubricant based determination of design space for continuously manufactured high dose paracetamol tablets. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017 Dec 24;115:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.12.021. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29277668. 12: Matsumura S, Oshima A, Fujinuma S, Tanaka K, Nagano N, Miyake F, Masutani S, Tamura M, Ueda K, Namba F. Low-Dose Intravenous Paracetamol for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Indomethacin-Resistant or Contraindicated Preterm Infants: Three Cases Reports. AJP Rep. 2017 Oct;7(4):e230-e233. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1615260. Epub 2017 Dec 21. PubMed PMID: 29276647; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5740229. 13: Queirós C, Salvador P, Ventura A, Lopes D. Methemoglobinemia After Paracetamol Ingestion: A Case Report. Acta Med Port. 2017 Oct 31;30(10):753-756. doi: 10.20344/amp.8722. Epub 2017 Oct 31. PubMed PMID: 29268071. 14: Furyk J, Levas D, Close B, Laspina K, Fitzpatrick M, Robinson K, Vangaveti VN, Ray R. Intravenous versus oral paracetamol for acute pain in adults in the emergency department setting: a prospective, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Emerg Med J. 2017 Dec 15. pii: emermed-2017-206787. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2017-206787. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29247042. 15: Reed K, Collaku A, Moreira S. Efficacy and safety of twice daily sustained-release paracetamol formulation for osteoarthritis pain of the knee or hip: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, twelve-week study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018 Jan 11:1-11. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1417245. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29239664. 16: Al-Lawama M, Alammori I, Abdelghani T, Badran E. Oral paracetamol versus oral ibuprofen for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus. J Int Med Res. 2017 Jan 1:300060517722698. doi: 10.1177/0300060517722698. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29239259. 17: Sharma CV, Long JH, Shah S, Rahman J, Perrett D, Ayoub SS, Mehta V. First evidence of the conversion of paracetamol to AM404 in human cerebrospinal fluid. J Pain Res. 2017 Nov 28;10:2703-2709. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S143500. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 29238213; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5716395. 18: Saliba SW, Marcotegui AR, Fortwängler E, Ditrich J, Perazzo JC, Muñoz E, de Oliveira ACP, Fiebich BL. AM404, paracetamol metabolite, prevents prostaglandin synthesis in activated microglia by inhibiting COX activity. J Neuroinflammation. 2017 Dec 13;14(1):246. doi: 10.1186/s12974-017-1014-3. PubMed PMID: 29237478; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5729401. 19: Belal F, Omar MA, Derayea S, Hammad MA, Zayed S, Saleh SF. Simultaneous Determination of Tizanidine, Nimesulide, Aceclofenac and Paracetamol in Tablets and Biological Fluids Using Micellar Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci. 2017 Dec 11. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx105. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29236980. 20: McNulty R, Lim JME, Chandru P, Gunja N. Fewer adverse effects with a modified two-bag acetylcysteine protocol in paracetamol overdose. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2017 Dec 8:1-4. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1408812. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29219630.