IUPAC/Chemical Name
4-Chloro-N-[2-(2-thienyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]benzamide
InChi Key
AZKMWHRDICVYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C18H12ClN3OS/c19-13-8-6-12(7-9-13)18(23)21-17-16(14-4-3-11-24-14)20-15-5-1-2-10-22(15)17/h1-11H,(H,21,23)
SMILES Code
O=C(NC1=C(C2=CC=CS2)N=C3C=CC=CN31)C4=CC=C(Cl)C=C4
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
DS2 is a selective positive allosteric modulator of δ-GABAA receptor.
In vitro activity:
DS2 is the first PAM selective for α4/6βxδ receptors, providing a novel tool to investigate extrasynaptic δ-GABA(A) receptors. The effects of DS2 are mediated by an unknown site leading to GABA(A) receptor isoform selectivity.
Reference: Br J Pharmacol. 2013 Mar;168(5):1118-32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23061935/
In vivo activity:
Mice were injected i.p. with DS2 (0.01-4 mg/kg) or vehicle 1 and 24 h post-stroke. Body temperature was stable (data not shown) and mice did not show signs of sedation. The stroke volume was assessed 7-days post-stroke and demonstrated that treatment with DS2 resulted in a decrease in infarct volume [F(4,20) = 6.912; P < 0.0012: vehicle, 2.28 ± 0.26 mm3 versus DS2 (0.01 mg/kg), 1.78 ± 0.58 mm3, P > 0.05; DS2 (0.1 mg/kg), 0.77 ± 0.27 mm3, P < 0.01, DS2 (1 mg/kg), 2.01 ± 0.62 mm3, P > 0.05, and DS2 (4 mg/kg) 1.96 ± 0.62 mm3, P > 0.05: n = 5/group; Figures 1A,B].
Reference: Front Neurosci. 2019 Oct 29;13:1133. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31736685/
|
Solvent |
mg/mL |
mM |
| Solubility |
| DMSO |
17.7 |
50.00 |
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
353.82
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Jensen ML, Wafford KA, Brown AR, Belelli D, Lambert JJ, Mirza NR. A study of subunit selectivity, mechanism and site of action of the delta selective compound 2 (DS2) at human recombinant and rodent native GABA(A) receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2013 Mar;168(5):1118-32. doi: 10.1111/bph.12001. PMID: 23061935; PMCID: PMC3594672.
2. Wafford KA, van Niel MB, Ma QP, Horridge E, Herd MB, Peden DR, Belelli D, Lambert JJ. Novel compounds selectively enhance delta subunit containing GABA A receptors and increase tonic currents in thalamus. Neuropharmacology. 2009 Jan;56(1):182-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.08.004. Epub 2008 Aug 13. PMID: 18762200.
3. Neumann S, Boothman-Burrell L, Gowing EK, Jacobsen TA, Ahring PK, Young SL, Sandager-Nielsen K, Clarkson AN. The Delta-Subunit Selective GABA A Receptor Modulator, DS2, Improves Stroke Recovery via an Anti-inflammatory Mechanism. Front Neurosci. 2019 Oct 29;13:1133. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01133. PMID: 31736685; PMCID: PMC6828610.
In vitro protocol:
1. Jensen ML, Wafford KA, Brown AR, Belelli D, Lambert JJ, Mirza NR. A study of subunit selectivity, mechanism and site of action of the delta selective compound 2 (DS2) at human recombinant and rodent native GABA(A) receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2013 Mar;168(5):1118-32. doi: 10.1111/bph.12001. PMID: 23061935; PMCID: PMC3594672.
2. Wafford KA, van Niel MB, Ma QP, Horridge E, Herd MB, Peden DR, Belelli D, Lambert JJ. Novel compounds selectively enhance delta subunit containing GABA A receptors and increase tonic currents in thalamus. Neuropharmacology. 2009 Jan;56(1):182-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.08.004. Epub 2008 Aug 13. PMID: 18762200.
In vivo protocol:
1. Neumann S, Boothman-Burrell L, Gowing EK, Jacobsen TA, Ahring PK, Young SL, Sandager-Nielsen K, Clarkson AN. The Delta-Subunit Selective GABA A Receptor Modulator, DS2, Improves Stroke Recovery via an Anti-inflammatory Mechanism. Front Neurosci. 2019 Oct 29;13:1133. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01133. PMID: 31736685; PMCID: PMC6828610.
1: Lip GY, Potpara T, Boriani G, Blomström-Lundqvist C. A tailored treatment strategy: a modern approach for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Intern Med. 2016 May;279(5):467-76. doi: 10.1111/joim.12468. Epub 2016 Mar 22. Review. PubMed PMID: 27001354.
2: Zhu W, He W, Guo L, Wang X, Hong K. The HAS-BLED Score for Predicting Major Bleeding Risk in Anticoagulated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol. 2015 Sep;38(9):555-61. doi: 10.1002/clc.22435. Review. PubMed PMID: 26418409.
3: Dzeshka MS, Lane DA, Lip GY. Stroke and bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation: navigating the alphabet soup of risk-score acronyms (CHADS2 , CHA2 DS2 -VASc, R2 CHADS2 , HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and more). Clin Cardiol. 2014 Oct;37(10):634-44. doi: 10.1002/clc.22294. Epub 2014 Aug 28. Review. PubMed PMID: 25168181.
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6: Zafrilla B, Martínez-Espinosa RM, Bonete MJ, Butt JN, Richardson DJ, Gates AJ. A haloarchaeal ferredoxin electron donor that plays an essential role in nitrate assimilation. Biochem Soc Trans. 2011 Dec;39(6):1844-8. doi: 10.1042/BST20110709. Review. PubMed PMID: 22103537.
7: Baskova IP, Zavalova LL. [Polyfunctionality of destabilase, a lysozyme from a medicinal leech]. Bioorg Khim. 2008 May-Jun;34(3):337-43. Review. Russian. PubMed PMID: 18672682.
8: Sidler D, Arndt HR, van Niekerk AA. Medical futility and end-of-life care. S Afr Med J. 2008 Apr;98(4):284-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 18637637.
9: Studholme DJ, Dixon R. Domain architectures of sigma54-dependent transcriptional activators. J Bacteriol. 2003 Mar;185(6):1757-67. Review. PubMed PMID: 12618438; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC150144.
