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MedKoo Cat#: 561603 | Name: Phenolphthalein
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Phenolphthalein is a laxative agent. It stimulates the intestinal mucosa and constricts smooth muscles. It also acts as an acid-base indicator.

Chemical Structure

Phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein
CAS#77-09-8

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 561603

Name: Phenolphthalein

CAS#: 77-09-8

Chemical Formula: C20H14O4

Exact Mass: 318.0892

Molecular Weight: 318.33

Elemental Analysis: C, 75.46; H, 4.43; O, 20.10

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
25g USD 165.00
500g USD 330.00
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Related CAS #
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Synonym
Phenolphthalein; Euchessina; Phthalimetten; Chocolax; Espotabs;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
3,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-benzofuran-1-one
InChi Key
KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C20H14O4/c21-15-9-5-13(6-10-15)20(14-7-11-16(22)12-8-14)18-4-2-1-3-17(18)19(23)24-20/h1-12,21-22H
SMILES Code
O=C1OC(C2=CC=C(O)C=C2)(C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C14
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Phenolphthalein is a laxative agent.
In vitro activity:
In order to assess cytogenetic effects on human cells in vitro, this study tested phenolphthalein in a chromosome aberration assay in human embryo cells derived from amniotic fluid. These results show that phenolphthalein induces a significant increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations in human cells. Reference: Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 2000;20(4):209-17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10910471/
In vivo activity:
Phenolphthalein (PHT) induces tumors in rodents but its primary mechanism does not seem to be DNA damage. In heterozygous TSG-p53(®) mice, PHT induces lymphomas and also micronuclei (MN), many containing kinetochores (K), implying chromosome loss (aneuploidy). The induction of aneuploidy would be compatible with the loss of the normal p53 gene seen in the lymphomas. Reference: Environ Mol Mutagen. 2013 Jun;54(5):308-16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23677914/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 56.5 177.49
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 318.33 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Heard PL, Rubitski EE, Spellman RA, Schuler MJ. Phenolphthalein induces centrosome amplification and tubulin depolymerization in vitro. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2013 Jun;54(5):308-16. doi: 10.1002/em.21781. Epub 2013 May 16. PMID: 23677914. 2. Biondi O, Andreozzi L, Amoruso S, Motta S. Phenolphthalein induces chromosome aberrations in human and Chinese hamster liver cells (CHEL) cultured in vitro. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 2000;20(4):209-17. doi: 10.1002/1520-6866(2000)20:4<209::aid-tcm3>3.0.co;2-u. PMID: 10910471. 3. Armstrong MJ, Gara JP, Gealy R 3rd, Greenwood SK, Hilliard CA, Laws GM, Galloway SM. Induction of chromosome aberrations in vitro by phenolphthalein: mechanistic studies. Mutat Res. 2000 Dec 20;457(1-2):15-30. doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(00)00119-6. PMID: 11106795.
In vitro protocol:
1. Heard PL, Rubitski EE, Spellman RA, Schuler MJ. Phenolphthalein induces centrosome amplification and tubulin depolymerization in vitro. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2013 Jun;54(5):308-16. doi: 10.1002/em.21781. Epub 2013 May 16. PMID: 23677914. 2. Biondi O, Andreozzi L, Amoruso S, Motta S. Phenolphthalein induces chromosome aberrations in human and Chinese hamster liver cells (CHEL) cultured in vitro. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 2000;20(4):209-17. doi: 10.1002/1520-6866(2000)20:4<209::aid-tcm3>3.0.co;2-u. PMID: 10910471.
In vivo protocol:
1. Heard PL, Rubitski EE, Spellman RA, Schuler MJ. Phenolphthalein induces centrosome amplification and tubulin depolymerization in vitro. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2013 Jun;54(5):308-16. doi: 10.1002/em.21781. Epub 2013 May 16. PMID: 23677914. 2. Armstrong MJ, Gara JP, Gealy R 3rd, Greenwood SK, Hilliard CA, Laws GM, Galloway SM. Induction of chromosome aberrations in vitro by phenolphthalein: mechanistic studies. Mutat Res. 2000 Dec 20;457(1-2):15-30. doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(00)00119-6. PMID: 11106795.
1: Every-Palmer S, Newton-Howes G, Clarke MJ. Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic-related constipation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 24;1:CD011128. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011128.pub2. Review. PubMed PMID: 28116777. 2: Goda Y. [Analysis and identification of illegal constituents in health food products implicitly advertizing tonic or slimming effect in the National Institute of Health Sciences in Japan]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2014;134(2):197-202. Review. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 24492223. 3: Chopra A. 1-O-(4-(2-[(18)F]Fluoroethyl-carbamoyloxymethyl)-2-nitrophenyl)-O-β-d-glucopyronu ronate. 2012 Mar 28 [updated 2012 Apr 27]. Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92493/ PubMed PMID: 22553888. 4: Mitsumori K. Possible mechanism on enhanced carcinogenesis of genotoxic carcinogens and unsolved mechanisms on lesser carcinogenic susceptibility to some carcinogens in rasH2 mice. J Toxicol Sci. 2003 Dec;28(5):371-83. Review. PubMed PMID: 14746341. 5: Mitsumori K. Evaluation on carcinogenicity of chemicals using transgenic mice. Toxicology. 2002 Dec 27;181-182:241-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 12505318. 6: Sills RC, French JE, Cunningham ML. New models for assessing carcinogenesis: an ongoing process. Toxicol Lett. 2001 Mar 31;120(1-3):187-98. Review. PubMed PMID: 11323177. 7: Other pharmaceutical agents. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2000;76:345-486. Review. PubMed PMID: 11000977. 8: Shteyngarts AR, Warner MR, Camisa C. Lupus erythematosus associated with erythema multiforme: does Rowell's syndrome exist? J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999 May;40(5 Pt 1):773-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 10321612. 9: Izzo AA, Mascolo N, Capasso F. Nitric oxide as a modulator of intestinal water and electrolyte transport. Dig Dis Sci. 1998 Aug;43(8):1605-20. Review. PubMed PMID: 9724140. 10: Tamura Z, Maeda M. [Differences between phthaleins and sulfonphthaleins]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 1997 Nov;117(10-11):764-70. Review. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 9414589. 11: Tumosa CS. The Detection and Species Identification of Blood $mdash; A Bibliography of Relevant Papers from 1980 to 1995. Forensic Sci Rev. 1996 Dec;8(2):73-90. Review. PubMed PMID: 26270732. 12: Sàez LR. Therapeutic proposals for the treatment of idiopathic constipation. Ital J Gastroenterol. 1991 Nov;23(8 Suppl 1):30-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 1661627. 13: Moriarty KJ, Silk DB. Laxative abuse. Dig Dis. 1988;6(1):15-29. Review. PubMed PMID: 3280173. 14: Bolognese RJ, Corson SL, Touchstone JC. Factors affecting the yeild of urinary estriol. Obstet Gynecol. 1972 May;39(5):683-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 4337982. 15: Cass LJ, Frederik WS, Montilla E. Phenolphthalein: a review of the medical literature and a controlled evaluation of its use as a laxative in the treatment of chronic constipation. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1965 Sep;7(9):571-89. Review. PubMed PMID: 4953858.