1: Li W, Liu H, Jiang H, Wang C, Guo Y, Sun Y, Zhao X, Xiong X, Zhang X, Zhang K, Nie Z, Pu X. (S)-Oxiracetam is the Active Ingredient in Oxiracetam that Alleviates the Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Rats. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 30;7(1):10052. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10283-4. PubMed PMID: 28855592; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5577264.
2: Wang W, Ji H, Li T, Jia Y, Xie H. Pharmacokinetic comparisons of S-oxiracetam and R-oxiracetam in beagle dogs. Acta Pharm. 2016 Jun 1;66(2):279-87. doi: 10.1515/acph-2016-0013. PubMed PMID: 27279070.
3: Zhang Q, Yang W, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Li J, Lu Y, Zheng Y, He J, Zhao D, Chen X. Enantioselective HPLC determination of oxiracetam enantiomers and application to a pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2015 Jul 1;993-994:9-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.04.033. Epub 2015 Apr 30. PubMed PMID: 25978861.
4: Chen J, Zhou SN, Zhang YM, Feng YL, Wang S. Glycosides of cistanche improve learning and memory in the rat model of vascular dementia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015 Apr;19(7):1234-40. PubMed PMID: 25912583.
5: Zhang Q, Yang W, Yang Y, Xing H, Zhang Q, Li J, Lu Y, He J, Yang S, Zhao D, Chen X. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of racemic oxiracetam and its pure enantiomers after oral administration in rats by a stereoselective HPLC method. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2015;111:153-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.039. Epub 2015 Apr 4. PubMed PMID: 25886392.
6: Wan X, Wang H, Ma P, Xi L, Sun J, He Z, Zhang X, Liu X. Simultaneous determination of oxiracetam and its degraded substance in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study after a single high-dose intravenous administration. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2014 Oct 15;969:95-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.07.041. Epub 2014 Aug 4. PubMed PMID: 25168792.
7: Pace V, Rae JP, Procter DJ. Cu(I)-NHC catalyzed asymmetric silyl transfer to unsaturated lactams and amides. Org Lett. 2014 Jan 17;16(2):476-9. doi: 10.1021/ol4033623. Epub 2013 Dec 18. PubMed PMID: 24350760.
8: Son J, Lee J, Lee M, Lee E, Lee JH, La S, Kim DH. Rapid quantitative analysis of oxiracetam in human plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2004 Nov 15;36(3):657-61. PubMed PMID: 15522546.
9: Son J, Lee J, Lee M, Lee E, Lee KT, La S, Kim DH. Rapid quantitative analysis of oxiracetam in human plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2004 Sep 21;36(1):183-7. PubMed PMID: 15351064.
10: Dudkin SM, Polev PV, Soldatov NM. Calcium entry blockers and oxiracetam have opposite effects on the density of dihydropyridine receptors in rat cerebral cortex. Brain Res. 1990 Aug 20;525(2):319-21. PubMed PMID: 2174714.
11: Verloes R, Scotto AM, Gobert J, Wülfert E. Effects of nootropic drugs in a scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1988;95(2):226-30. PubMed PMID: 3137602.