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MedKoo Cat#: 561369 | Name: Palmatine chloride
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Palmatine chloride is an inhibitor of carbachol-induced Ca2+-activated Cl− secretion and the carbachol-induced increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration.

Chemical Structure

Palmatine chloride
Palmatine chloride
CAS#10605-02-4 (Cl)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 561369

Name: Palmatine chloride

CAS#: 10605-02-4 (Cl)

Chemical Formula: C21H22ClNO4

Exact Mass: 0.0000

Molecular Weight: 387.86

Elemental Analysis: C, 65.03; H, 5.72; Cl, 9.14; N, 3.61; O, 16.50

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
100mg USD 250.00
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Related CAS #
4880-79-9 (iodide); 3486-67-7 (free base); 10605-02-4 (Cl)
Synonym
Palmatine chloride;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
2,3,9,10-Tetramethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-7-ium chloride
InChi Key
RLQYRXCUPVKSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C21H22NO4.ClH/c1-23-18-6-5-13-9-17-15-11-20(25-3)19(24-2)10-14(15)7-8-22(17)12-16(13)21(18)26-4;/h5-6,9-12H,7-8H2,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
SMILES Code
COC1=C(OC)C2=C[N+](CCC3=C4C=C(OC)C(OC)=C3)=C4C=C2C=C1.[Cl-]
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Palmatine chloride is an orally active and irreversible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1.
In vitro activity:
This study investigated the specific inhibition of West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease and viral propagation by palmatine, a chemical compound from Coptis chinensis Franch. It was demonstrated that palmatine could inhibit WNV NS2B-NS3 protease activity in an uncompetitive manner, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 96 microM. Palmatine suppressed WNV without detectable cytotoxicity (a 50% effective concentration [EC(50)] of 3.6 microM and a 50% cytotoxicity concentration [CC(50)] of 1,031 microM). Furthermore, palmatine could also suppress dengue virus and yellow fever virus in a dose-dependent manner. Reference: Arch Virol. 2010 Aug;155(8):1325-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20496087/
In vivo activity:
Results showed that Pal (palmatine) treatment significantly reduced DAI scores and ameliorated colonic injury in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Mucosal integrity was improved and cell apoptosis was inhibited. Moreover, gut microbiota analysis showed that mice received Pal-treatment have higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, but reduced amount of Proteobacteria. Moreover, Pal not only suppressed tryptophan catabolism in plasma, but also decreased the protein expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1, the rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan catabolism) in colon tissue. Reference: Pharmacol Res. 2018 Nov;137:34-46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30243842/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMF 30.0 77.35
DMSO 46.3 119.46
DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:1) 0.5 1.29
Ethanol 5.0 12.89
Water 5.0 12.89
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 387.86 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Liu X, Zhang Y, Wu S, Xu M, Shen Y, Yu M, Fan J, Wei S, Xu C, Huang L, Zhao H, Li X, Ye X. Palmatine induces G2/M phase arrest and mitochondrial-associated pathway apoptosis in colon cancer cells by targeting AURKA. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 May;175:113933. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113933. Epub 2020 Mar 26. PMID: 32224138. 2. Jia F, Zou G, Fan J, Yuan Z. Identification of palmatine as an inhibitor of West Nile virus. Arch Virol. 2010 Aug;155(8):1325-9. doi: 10.1007/s00705-010-0702-4. Epub 2010 May 23. PMID: 20496087. 3. Zhang XJ, Yuan ZW, Qu C, Yu XT, Huang T, Chen PV, Su ZR, Dou YX, Wu JZ, Zeng HF, Xie Y, Chen JN. Palmatine ameliorated murine colitis by suppressing tryptophan metabolism and regulating gut microbiota. Pharmacol Res. 2018 Nov;137:34-46. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.010. Epub 2018 Sep 19. PMID: 30243842. 4. Lee WC, Kim JK, Kang JW, Oh WY, Jung JY, Kim YS, Jung HA, Choi JS, Lee SM. Palmatine attenuates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Jan;48(1):222-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.004. Epub 2009 Oct 8. PMID: 19818826.
In vitro protocol:
1. Liu X, Zhang Y, Wu S, Xu M, Shen Y, Yu M, Fan J, Wei S, Xu C, Huang L, Zhao H, Li X, Ye X. Palmatine induces G2/M phase arrest and mitochondrial-associated pathway apoptosis in colon cancer cells by targeting AURKA. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 May;175:113933. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113933. Epub 2020 Mar 26. PMID: 32224138. 2. Jia F, Zou G, Fan J, Yuan Z. Identification of palmatine as an inhibitor of West Nile virus. Arch Virol. 2010 Aug;155(8):1325-9. doi: 10.1007/s00705-010-0702-4. Epub 2010 May 23. PMID: 20496087.
In vivo protocol:
1. Zhang XJ, Yuan ZW, Qu C, Yu XT, Huang T, Chen PV, Su ZR, Dou YX, Wu JZ, Zeng HF, Xie Y, Chen JN. Palmatine ameliorated murine colitis by suppressing tryptophan metabolism and regulating gut microbiota. Pharmacol Res. 2018 Nov;137:34-46. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.010. Epub 2018 Sep 19. PMID: 30243842. 2. Lee WC, Kim JK, Kang JW, Oh WY, Jung JY, Kim YS, Jung HA, Choi JS, Lee SM. Palmatine attenuates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Jan;48(1):222-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.004. Epub 2009 Oct 8. PMID: 19818826.
1: Tayama Y, Mizukami S, Toume K, Komatsu K, Yanagi T, Nara T, Tieu P, Huy NT, Hamano S, Hirayama K. Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of Coptis rhizome extract and its constituents. Trop Med Health. 2023 Mar 1;51(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s41182-023-00502-2. PMID: 36859380; PMCID: PMC9976467. 2: Song X, Mei P, Dou T, Liu Q, Li L. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Resistance Mechanism and the Pathogens Causing Root Rot of Coptis chinensis. Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Feb 21;11(2):e0480322. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.04803-22. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36809123; PMCID: PMC10101010. 3: Nitulescu G, Mihai DP, Zanfirescu A, Stan MS, Gradinaru D, Nitulescu GM. Discovery of New Microbial Collagenase Inhibitors. Life (Basel). 2022 Dec 15;12(12):2114. doi: 10.3390/life12122114. PMID: 36556479; PMCID: PMC9781087. 4: Lu Q, Li J, Ding P, Mao T, Shi L, Sun Z, Tan X, Jiang H, Dong J, Li Y, Yang X, Shi R. Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction Alleviates DSS-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Inhibiting M1 Macrophage Polarization In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomed Res Int. 2022 Aug 25;2022:9427076. doi: 10.1155/2022/9427076. Retraction in: Biomed Res Int. 2023 Dec 29;2023:9813901. doi: 10.1155/2023/9813901. PMID: 36060126; PMCID: PMC9436576. 5: Wen J, Du K, Shang Y, Fang S, Li J, Yuan H, Chang Y. A green ultrasonic- assisted micellar extraction coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array method for quantitative analysis of active ingredients in Yangxinshi Tablet. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2022 Sep 20;219:114920. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114920. Epub 2022 Jul 3. PMID: 35803017. 6: Seo CS, Shin HK. Simultaneous Analysis of 19 Marker Components for Quality Control of Oncheong-Eum Using HPLC-DAD. Molecules. 2022 May 6;27(9):2992. doi: 10.3390/molecules27092992. PMID: 35566342; PMCID: PMC9104317. 7: Sun Y, Yang YH, Wang J, Jiang HQ, Cui N, Su BZ, Yu ZY. [Review of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical applications of Jiaotai Pills and predictive analysis of its quality marker(Q-marker)]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 Jun;45(12):2784-2791. Chinese. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200328.201. PMID: 32627451. 8: Tedesco P, Beraldo P, Massimo M, Fioravanti ML, Volpatti D, Dirks R, Galuppi R. Comparative Therapeutic Effects of Natural Compounds Against Saprolegnia spp. (Oomycota) and Amyloodinium ocellatum (Dinophyceae). Front Vet Sci. 2020 Feb 21;7:83. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00083. PMID: 32154278; PMCID: PMC7047137. 9: Wang Y, Xu Q, Shen Z, Wang Y, Dong L, Fu S, Yang L, Qin M, Zhang Y, Guo S. Simultaneous Determination of Eight Active Compounds in Baitouweng Decotion and its Single Herbs. J Chromatogr Sci. 2019 Jul 1;57(6):502-510. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz022. PMID: 30929002. 10: Nonaka M, Murata Y, Takano R, Han Y, Kabir MHB, Kato K. Screening of a library of traditional Chinese medicines to identify anti-malarial compounds and extracts. Malar J. 2018 Jun 25;17(1):244. doi: 10.1186/s12936-018-2392-4. PMID: 29941026; PMCID: PMC6020241. 11: Haj E, Losev Y, Guru KrishnaKumar V, Pichinuk E, Engel H, Raveh A, Gazit E, Segal D. Integrating in vitro and in silico approaches to evaluate the "dual functionality" of palmatine chloride in inhibiting and disassembling Tau-derived VQIVYK peptide fibrils. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2018 Jul;1862(7):1565-1575. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.001. Epub 2018 Apr 7. PMID: 29634991. 12: Park HS, Wijerathne CUB, Jeong HY, Seo CS, Ha H, Kwun HJ. Gastroprotective effects of Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang against Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cell injury. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Apr 24;216:239-250. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.025. Epub 2018 Feb 2. PMID: 29410309. 13: Sun L, Ding F, You G, Liu H, Wang M, Ren X, Deng Y. Development and Validation of an UPLC-MS/MS Method for Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Five Alkaloids from JinQi Jiangtang Tablets and Its Monarch Drug Coptidis Rhizoma. Pharmaceutics. 2017 Dec 29;10(1):4. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010004. PMID: 29286316; PMCID: PMC5874817. 14: Yang Y, Peng J, Li F, Liu X, Deng M, Wu H. Determination of Alkaloid Contents in Various Tissues of Coptis Chinensis Franch. by Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry. J Chromatogr Sci. 2017 May 1;55(5):556-563. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx009. PMID: 28203760. 15: Bi XL, Wang Y, Chi YM, Di LQ, Li JS. [Tissue Distribution of Alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma in Rats Determined by UPLC-MS]. Zhong Yao Cai. 2016 Aug;.39(8):1849-53. Chinese. PMID: 30204391. 16: Zhang Y, Zhang ZP, Zhang Z, Bi CJ, Liu HT, Zhang Q, Huang SX, Zhang BG, Chen Y, Suo FM. [Regional characteristic analysis of alkaloids and chlorogenic acid in wild Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex]. 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