1: Shin HS, Park SY, Hwang ES, Lee DG, Mavlonov GT, Yi TH. Ginsenoside F2 reduces hair loss by controlling apoptosis through the sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage activating protein and transforming growth factor-β pathways in a dihydrotestosterone-induced mouse model. Biol Pharm Bull. 2014;37(5):755-63. PubMed PMID: 24789999.
2: Siraj FM, SathishKumar N, Kim YJ, Kim SY, Yang DC. Ginsenoside F2 possesses anti-obesity activity via binding with PPARγ and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation in the 3T3-L1 cell line. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2015 Feb;30(1):9-14. doi: 10.3109/14756366.2013.871006. Epub 2014 Mar 25. PubMed PMID: 24666293.
3: Shin HS, Park SY, Hwang ES, Lee DG, Song HG, Mavlonov GT, Yi TH. The inductive effect of ginsenoside F2 on hair growth by altering the WNT signal pathway in telogen mouse skin. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 May 5;730:82-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.024. Epub 2014 Mar 12. PubMed PMID: 24613976.
4: Shin KC, Seo MJ, Oh HJ, Oh DK. Highly selective hydrolysis for the outer glucose at the C-20 position in ginsenosides by β-glucosidase from Thermus thermophilus and its application to the production of ginsenoside F2 from gypenoside XVII. Biotechnol Lett. 2014 Jun;36(6):1287-93. doi: 10.1007/s10529-014-1472-y. Epub 2014 Feb 23. PubMed PMID: 24563303.
5: Zhong FL, Ma R, Jiang M, Dong WW, Jiang J, Wu S, Li D, Quan LH. Cloning and Characterization of Ginsenoside-Hydrolyzing β-Glucosidase from Lactobacillus brevis That Transforms Ginsenosides Rb1 and F2 into Ginsenoside Rd and Compound K. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Oct 28;26(10):1661-1667. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1605.05052. PubMed PMID: 27435543.
6: Mai TT, Moon J, Song Y, Viet PQ, Phuc PV, Lee JM, Yi TH, Cho M, Cho SK. Ginsenoside F2 induces apoptosis accompanied by protective autophagy in breast cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett. 2012 Aug 28;321(2):144-53. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.045. Epub 2012 Feb 7. PubMed PMID: 22326284.
7: Mao Q, Zhang PH, Yang J, Xu JD, Kong M, Shen H, Zhu H, Bai M, Zhou L, Li GF, Wang Q, Li SL. iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis of Ginsenoside F(2) on Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells SGC7901. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:2635483. Epub 2016 Oct 18. PubMed PMID: 27829861; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5088344.
8: Park SH, Seo W, Eun HS, Kim SY, Jo E, Kim MH, Choi WM, Lee JH, Shim YR, Cui CH, Kim SC, Hwang CY, Jeong WI. Protective effects of ginsenoside F2 on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced skin inflammation in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Sep 30;478(4):1713-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.009. Epub 2016 Sep 3. PubMed PMID: 27596969.
9: Hong H, Cui CH, Kim JK, Jin FX, Kim SC, Im WT. Enzymatic Biotransformation of Ginsenoside Rb1 and Gypenoside XVII into Ginsenosides Rd and F2 by Recombinant β-glucosidase from Flavobacterium johnsoniae. J Ginseng Res. 2012 Oct;36(4):418-24. doi: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.418. PubMed PMID: 23717145; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3659600.
10: Li L, Shin SY, Lee SJ, Moon JS, Im WT, Han NS. Production of Ginsenoside F2 by Using Lactococcus lactis with Enhanced Expression of β-Glucosidase Gene from Paenibacillus mucilaginosus. J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Mar 30;64(12):2506-12. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04098. Epub 2015 Nov 5. PubMed PMID: 26494255.
11: Cui CH, Kim JK, Kim SC, Im WT. Characterization of a ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and its application for enhanced production of minor ginsenoside F₂. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 27;9(1):e85727. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085727. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 24475050; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3903488.
12: Quan LH, Piao JY, Min JW, Kim HB, Kim SR, Yang DU, Yang DC. Biotransformation of Ginsenoside Rb1 to Prosapogenins, Gypenoside XVII, Ginsenoside Rd, Ginsenoside F2, and Compound K by Leuconostoc mesenteroides DC102. J Ginseng Res. 2011 Sep;35(3):344-51. doi: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.3.344. PubMed PMID: 23717079; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3659545.
13: Wang YG, Liu HS, Zhang XX, Xiao Y, Lu BB, Ma ZC, Liang QD, Tang XL, Xiao CR, Tan HL, Zhang BL, Gao Y. [Screening of pregnane X receptor activation from ginsenosides]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2013 Jan;48(1):144-8. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 23600156.
14: Shin JY, Lee JM, Shin HS, Park SY, Yang JE, Cho SK, Yi TH. Anti-Cancer Effect of Ginsenoside F2 against Glioblastoma Multiforme in Xenograft Model in SD Rats. J Ginseng Res. 2012 Jan;36(1):86-92. doi: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.1.86. PubMed PMID: 23717108; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3659572.
15: Park MK, Cui CH, Park SC, Park SK, Kim JK, Jung MS, Jung SC, Kim SC, Im WT. Characterization of recombinant β-glucosidase from Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus and biotransformation of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb 2, Rc, and Rd. J Microbiol. 2014 May;52(5):399-406. doi: 10.1007/s12275-014-3601-7. Epub 2014 May 9. PubMed PMID: 24810319.
16: Xu R, Peng Y, Wang M, Fan L, Li X. Effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rb1: a study on rats׳ gut microflora influenced by lincomycin. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Dec 2;158 Pt A:338-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.054. Epub 2014 Nov 6. PubMed PMID: 25446586.
17: Quan LH, Kim YJ, Li GH, Choi KT, Yang DC. Microbial transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to compound K by Lactobacillus paralimentarius. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 Jun;29(6):1001-7. doi: 10.1007/s11274-013-1260-1. Epub 2013 Jan 22. PubMed PMID: 23338962.
18: Shen H, Leung WI, Ruan JQ, Li SL, Lei JP, Wang YT, Yan R. Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 via the gypenoside pathway by human gut bacteria. Chin Med. 2013 Nov 23;8(1):22. doi: 10.1186/1749-8546-8-22. PubMed PMID: 24267405; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4175505.
19: Ivanov DA, Georgakopoulos JR, Bernards MA. The chemoattractant potential of ginsenosides in the ginseng - Pythium irregulare pathosystem. Phytochemistry. 2016 Feb;122:56-64. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.11.005. Epub 2015 Nov 19. PubMed PMID: 26608666.
20: Jung HM, Liu QM, Kim JK, Lee ST, Kim SC, Im WT. Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans sp. nov., isolated from kimchi with the ability to transform ginsenosides. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2013 Apr;103(4):867-76. doi: 10.1007/s10482-012-9868-y. Epub 2012 Dec 28. PubMed PMID: 23271644.