Luminol | Chemiluminescence | CAS#521-31-3

MedKoo Cat#: 329669 | Name: Luminol

Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Luminol is a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence, with a blue glow, when mixed with an appropriate oxidizing agent. Luminol is a white-to-pale-yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in most polar organic solvents, but insoluble in water. Forensic investigators use luminol to detect trace amounts of blood at crime scenes, as it reacts with the iron in haemoglobin. Biologists use it in cellular assays to detect copper, iron, and cyanides, as well as specific proteins by western blot.

Chemical Structure

Luminol

CAS#521-31-3

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 329669

Name: Luminol

CAS#: 521-31-3

Chemical Formula: C8H7N3O2

Exact Mass: 177.0538

Molecular Weight: 177.16

Elemental Analysis: C, 54.24; H, 3.98; N, 23.72; O, 18.06

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
25g	USD 250.00	2 Weeks
50g	USD 400.00	2 Weeks
100g	USD 650.00	2 Weeks

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Related CAS #

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Synonym

Luminol; NSC 5064; NSC-5064; NSC5064.

IUPAC/Chemical Name

5-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophthalazine-1,4-dione

InChi Key

HWYHZTIRURJOHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C8H7N3O2/c9-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(13)11-10-7(4)12/h1-3H,9H2,(H,10,12)(H,11,13)

SMILES Code

O=C1NNC(C2=C1C=CC=C2N)=O

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

When luminol is sprayed evenly across an area, trace amounts of an activating oxidant make the luminol emit a blue glow that can be seen in a darkened room. The glow only lasts about 30 seconds, but investigators can document the effect with a long-exposure photograph. Crime scene investigators must apply it evenly to avoid misleading results, as blood traces appear more concentrated in areas that receive more spray. The intensity of the glow does not indicate the amount of blood or other activator present, but only shows the distribution of trace amounts in the area.

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Luminol is a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence with pKa values of 6.74 and 15.1.

In vitro activity:

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), isolated from human neutrophils, was also able to enhance the superoxide- and hydrogen peroxide-dependent luminol-amplified chemiluminescence. The production of ROS by stimulated human neutrophils was detected by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence, which was only partially inhibited by SOD and catalase. Reference: Am J Blood Res. 2017 Jul 25;7(4):41-48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28804681/

In vivo activity:

Behavioral analyses in the last three weeks of treatment revealed that GWI (Gulf War Illness) rats receiving higher doses of MSL (monosodium luminol-GVT) displayed better cognitive and mood function associated with reinstatement of redox homeostasis. Moreover, MSL treatment normalized the concentration of multiple proinflammatory markers in the circulating blood. Thus, MSL treatment reinstated redox homeostasis in an animal model of GWI, which resulted in alleviation of both brain and systemic inflammation, improved neurogenesis, and better cognitive and mood function. Reference: Redox Biol. 2020 Jan;28:101389. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778892/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	DMSO	22.3	126.06
	DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:10)	0.1	0.56

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 177.16 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Bedouhène S, Moulti-Mati F, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Dang PM, El-Benna J. Luminol-amplified chemiluminescence detects mainly superoxide anion produced by human neutrophils. Am J Blood Res. 2017 Jul 25;7(4):41-48. PMID: 28804681; PMCID: PMC5545213. 2. Wada M, Yamaguchi A, Ogawa A, Kido H, Nakamura S, Takada M, Kawakami S, Kuroda N, Nakashima K. Luminol Chemiluminescence Profile of O/W Emulsions during Thermal Oxidation. Anal Sci. 2017;33(2):249-252. doi: 10.2116/analsci.33.249. PMID: 28190849. 3. Shetty AK, Attaluri S, Kodali M, Shuai B, Shetty GA, Upadhya D, Hattiangady B, Madhu LN, Upadhya R, Bates A, Rao X. Monosodium luminol reinstates redox homeostasis, improves cognition, mood and neurogenesis, and alleviates neuro- and systemic inflammation in a model of Gulf War Illness. Redox Biol. 2020 Jan;28:101389. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101389. Epub 2019 Nov 18. PMID: 31778892; PMCID: PMC6888767. 4. Davis RW 4th, Snyder E, Miller J, Carter S, Houser C, Klampatsa A, Albelda SM, Cengel KA, Busch TM. Luminol Chemiluminescence Reports Photodynamic Therapy-Generated Neutrophil Activity In Vivo and Serves as a Biomarker of Therapeutic Efficacy. Photochem Photobiol. 2019 Jan;95(1):430-438. doi: 10.1111/php.13040. Epub 2018 Nov 26. PMID: 30357853; PMCID: PMC6472895.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Shetty AK, Attaluri S, Kodali M, Shuai B, Shetty GA, Upadhya D, Hattiangady B, Madhu LN, Upadhya R, Bates A, Rao X. Monosodium luminol reinstates redox homeostasis, improves cognition, mood and neurogenesis, and alleviates neuro- and systemic inflammation in a model of Gulf War Illness. Redox Biol. 2020 Jan;28:101389. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101389. Epub 2019 Nov 18. PMID: 31778892; PMCID: PMC6888767. 2. Davis RW 4th, Snyder E, Miller J, Carter S, Houser C, Klampatsa A, Albelda SM, Cengel KA, Busch TM. Luminol Chemiluminescence Reports Photodynamic Therapy-Generated Neutrophil Activity In Vivo and Serves as a Biomarker of Therapeutic Efficacy. Photochem Photobiol. 2019 Jan;95(1):430-438. doi: 10.1111/php.13040. Epub 2018 Nov 26. PMID: 30357853; PMCID: PMC6472895.

1: Zhang X, Ke H, Wang Z, Guo W, Zhang A, Huang C, Jia N. An ultrasensitive multi-walled carbon nanotube-platinum-luminol nanocomposite-based electrochemiluminescence immunosensor. Analyst. 2017 May 25. doi: 10.1039/c7an00417f. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28540944. 2: Gao W, Wang C, Muzyka K, Kitte SA, Li J, Zhang W, Xu G. Artemisinin-Luminol Chemiluminescence for Forensic Bloodstain Detection Using a Smart Phone as a Detector. Anal Chem. 2017 May 23. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01000. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28492080. 3: Dong YP, Wang J, Peng Y, Zhu JJ. A novel aptasensor for lysozyme based on electrogenerated chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer between luminol and silicon quantum dots. Biosens Bioelectron. 2017 Aug 15;94:530-535. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.044. Epub 2017 Mar 22. PubMed PMID: 28347966. 4: Nagesh D, Ghosh S. A time period study on the efficiency of luminol in the detection of bloodstains concealed by paint on different surfaces. Forensic Sci Int. 2017 Jun;275:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.01.028. Epub 2017 Feb 11. PubMed PMID: 28279856. 5: Aswathy R, Mohanan K. Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Characterisation and Fluorescence Studies of some Transition Metal Complexes with a Luminol Derivative. J Fluoresc. 2017 May;27(3):1171-1181. doi: 10.1007/s10895-017-2054-x. Epub 2017 Mar 7. PubMed PMID: 28265832. 6: Borghei YS, Hosseini M, Khoobi M, Ganjali MR. Copper nanocluster-enhanced luminol chemiluminescence for high-selectivity sensing of tryptophan and phenylalanine. Luminescence. 2017 Feb 21. doi: 10.1002/bio.3289. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28220689. 7: Sheng Y, Yang H, Wang Y, Han L, Zhao Y, Fan A. Silver nanoclusters-catalyzed luminol chemiluminescence for hydrogen peroxide and uric acid detection. Talanta. 2017 May 1;166:268-274. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.066. Epub 2017 Jan 25. PubMed PMID: 28213233. 8: Wada M, Yamaguchi A, Ogawa A, Kido H, Nakamura S, Takada M, Kawakami S, Kuroda N, Nakashima K. Luminol Chemiluminescence Profile of O/W Emulsions during Thermal Oxidation. Anal Sci. 2017;33(2):249-252. doi: 10.2116/analsci.33.249. PubMed PMID: 28190849. 9: Ermida C, Navega D, Cunha E. Luminol chemiluminescence: contribution to postmortem interval determination of skeletonized remains in Portuguese forensic context. Int J Legal Med. 2017 Jan 30. doi: 10.1007/s00414-017-1547-0. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28138758. 10: Tang XQ, Xiao BW, Li CM, Wang DM, Huang CZ, Li YF. Co-metal-organic-frameworks with pure uniform crystal morphology prepared via Co(2+) exchange-mediated transformation from Zn-metallogels for luminol catalysed chemiluminescence. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2017 Mar 15;175:11-16. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.12.014. Epub 2016 Dec 15. PubMed PMID: 28011368. 11: Kodamatani H, Iwaya Y, Saga M, Saito K, Fujioka T, Yamazaki S, Kanzaki R, Tomiyasu T. Ultra-sensitive HPLC-photochemical reaction-luminol chemiluminescence method for the measurement of secondary amines after nitrosation. Anal Chim Acta. 2017 Feb 1;952:50-58. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.045. Epub 2016 Nov 25. PubMed PMID: 28010842. 12: Caudullo G, Caruso V, Cappella A, Sguazza E, Mazzarelli D, Amadasi A, Cattaneo C. Luminol testing in detecting modern human skeletal remains: a test on different types of bone tissue and a caveat for PMI interpretation. Int J Legal Med. 2017 Jan;131(1):287-292. doi: 10.1007/s00414-016-1493-2. Epub 2016 Nov 19. PubMed PMID: 27866267. 13: Wu D, Zhang X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Wang X, Wang X, Xu L. Chemiluminescence of off-line and on-line gold nanoparticle-catalyzed luminol system in the presence of flavonoid. Luminescence. 2017 Jun;32(4):666-673. doi: 10.1002/bio.3236. Epub 2016 Nov 17. PubMed PMID: 27860239. 14: Yao H, Huang X, Shi P, Lin Z, Zhu M, Liu A, Lin X, Tang Y. DPPH•-luminol chemiluminescence system and its application in the determination of scutellarin in pharmaceutical injections and rat plasma with flow injection analysis. Luminescence. 2017 Jun;32(4):588-595. doi: 10.1002/bio.3225. Epub 2016 Nov 17. PubMed PMID: 27860193. 15: Naveenraj S, Mangalaraja RV, Wu JJ, Asiri AM, Anandan S. Gold Triangular Nanoprisms and Nanodecahedra: Synthesis and Interaction Studies with Luminol toward Biosensor Applications. Langmuir. 2016 Nov 15;32(45):11854-11860. Epub 2016 Nov 2. PubMed PMID: 27775363. 16: Xu X, Li N, Li X, Shi H, Ma C, Kang W, Cong B. Capillary electrophoresis chemiluminescence assay of naphthol isomers in human urine and river water using Ni(IV) complex-luminol system. Electrophoresis. 2016 Nov;37(22):2992-3001. doi: 10.1002/elps.201600133. Epub 2016 Oct 19. PubMed PMID: 27591165. 17: Liu W, Luo J, Zhao M, Li H, Li B. Effect of amino compounds on luminol-H(2)O(2)-gold nanoparticle chemiluminescence system. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016 Dec;408(30):8821-8830. Epub 2016 Jul 29. PubMed PMID: 27473431. 18: Chen J, Shu J, Chen J, Cao Z, Xiao A, Yan Z. Highly luminescent S,N co-doped carbon quantum dots-sensitized chemiluminescence on luminol-H(2) O(2) system for the determination of ranitidine. Luminescence. 2017 May;32(3):277-284. doi: 10.1002/bio.3173. Epub 2016 Jul 4. PubMed PMID: 27378059. 19: Stoica BA, Bunescu S, Neamtu A, Bulgaru-Iliescu D, Foia L, Botnariu EG. Improving Luminol Blood Detection in Forensics. J Forensic Sci. 2016 Sep;61(5):1331-6. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13141. Epub 2016 Jun 22. PubMed PMID: 27329571. 20: Yoon J, Cho T, Lim H, Kim J. Functionalization of indium tin oxide electrode with both of dendrimer-encapsulated Pt nanoparticles and chemically converted graphenes for enhanced electrochemiluminescence of luminol/H2O2. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016 Oct;408(25):7165-72. doi: 10.1007/s00216-016-9680-z. Epub 2016 Jun 20. PubMed PMID: 27325466.