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MedKoo Cat#: 328064 | Name: Physcion
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Physcion, also known as, 6-O-methyl Emodin; NSC 251670, is a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative, induces apoptosis and autophagy in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Physcion inhibits the metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer SW620 cells in vitro by suppressing the transcription factor SOX2. Physcion induces mitochondria-driven apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via downregulating EMMPRIN.

Chemical Structure

Physcion
Physcion
CAS#521-61-9

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 328064

Name: Physcion

CAS#: 521-61-9

Chemical Formula: C16H12O5

Exact Mass: 284.0685

Molecular Weight: 284.27

Elemental Analysis: C, 67.60; H, 4.26; O, 28.14

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
25mg USD 250.00
10mg USD 600.00
50mg USD 900.00
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Related CAS #
No Data
Synonym
Physcion; 6-O-methyl Emodin; NSC 251670.
IUPAC/Chemical Name
1,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione
InChi Key
FFWOKTFYGVYKIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C16H12O5/c1-7-3-9-13(11(17)4-7)16(20)14-10(15(9)19)5-8(21-2)6-12(14)18/h3-6,17-18H,1-2H3
SMILES Code
O=C1C2=C(C=C(C)C=C2O)C(C3=CC(OC)=CC(O)=C13)=O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Physcion (Parietin) is an anthraquinone isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, acts as an inhibitor of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, with an IC50 and a Kd of 38.5 μM and 26.0 μM.
In vitro activity:
As a result of physcion encumbrance, concentration-dependent inhibition of HeLa cell viability and the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle was observed. Activation of the lysosomal system was also revealed, which was expressed by an increased number of lysosomes, autophage vacuoles and increased expression of the LC3 protein, a marker of the autophagy process. Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy showed that physcion induced clear changes in cervical cancer cells, especially in the structure of the nucleus and mitochondria, which correlated with the production of reactive oxygen species by the test compound and indicated the induction of the oxidative process. Reference: Cells. 2021 Aug 8;10(8):2029. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34440797/
In vivo activity:
The results revealed that physcion reduced body weight and the levels of plasma TG, prevented impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in HFD-fed rats. In PA-injured HUVECs, physcion inhibited impaired viability, apoptosis and inflammation. Physcion also suppressed PA-induced both oxidative stress and ER stress in HUVECs. Furthermore, physcion increased PA-induced decrease in the activation of eNOS/Nrf2 signaling in HUVECs. These findings suggest that physcion has a significant beneficial effect on regulating HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction, which may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and ER stress through activation of eNOS/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Reference: Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Mar 15;943:175554. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36709792/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
THF 2.5 8.79
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 284.27 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Trybus W, Król T, Trybus E, Stachurska A. Physcion Induces Potential Anticancer Effects in Cervical Cancer Cells. Cells. 2021 Aug 8;10(8):2029. doi: 10.3390/cells10082029. PMID: 34440797; PMCID: PMC8392222. 2. Pang MJ, Yang Z, Zhang XL, Liu ZF, Fan J, Zhang HY. Physcion, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative, induces apoptosis and autophagy in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2016 Dec;37(12):1623-1640. doi: 10.1038/aps.2016.98. Epub 2016 Oct 3. PMID: 27694907; PMCID: PMC5260837. 3. Wang YH, Liu YP, Zhu JQ, Zhou GH, Zhang F, An Q, Yang J, Cho KW, Jin SN, Wen JF. Physcion prevents high-fat diet-induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Mar 15;943:175554. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175554. Epub 2023 Jan 26. PMID: 36709792. 4. Lao Z, Fan Y, Huo Y, Liao F, Zhang R, Zhang B, Kong Z, Long H, Xie J, Sang C, Fu L, Lin J, Wu Y, Yu L, Li G. Physcion, a novel inhibitor of 5α-reductase that promotes hair growth in vitro and in vivo. Arch Dermatol Res. 2022 Jan;314(1):41-51. doi: 10.1007/s00403-021-02195-1. Epub 2021 Feb 26. PMID: 33635414.
In vitro protocol:
1. Trybus W, Król T, Trybus E, Stachurska A. Physcion Induces Potential Anticancer Effects in Cervical Cancer Cells. Cells. 2021 Aug 8;10(8):2029. doi: 10.3390/cells10082029. PMID: 34440797; PMCID: PMC8392222. 2. Pang MJ, Yang Z, Zhang XL, Liu ZF, Fan J, Zhang HY. Physcion, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative, induces apoptosis and autophagy in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2016 Dec;37(12):1623-1640. doi: 10.1038/aps.2016.98. Epub 2016 Oct 3. PMID: 27694907; PMCID: PMC5260837.
In vivo protocol:
1. Wang YH, Liu YP, Zhu JQ, Zhou GH, Zhang F, An Q, Yang J, Cho KW, Jin SN, Wen JF. Physcion prevents high-fat diet-induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Mar 15;943:175554. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175554. Epub 2023 Jan 26. PMID: 36709792. 2. Lao Z, Fan Y, Huo Y, Liao F, Zhang R, Zhang B, Kong Z, Long H, Xie J, Sang C, Fu L, Lin J, Wu Y, Yu L, Li G. Physcion, a novel inhibitor of 5α-reductase that promotes hair growth in vitro and in vivo. Arch Dermatol Res. 2022 Jan;314(1):41-51. doi: 10.1007/s00403-021-02195-1. Epub 2021 Feb 26. PMID: 33635414.
1: Wu J, Chen Y, Zou H, Xu K, Hou J, Wang M, Tian S, Gao M, Ren Q, Sun C, Lu S, Wang Q, Shu Y, Wang S, Wang X. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase promotes glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis by inhibiting the AMPK pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Lett. 2024 Aug 22;601:217177. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217177. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39179096. 2: Sun H, Xiao D, Li X, Sun T, Meng F, Shao X, Ding Y, Li Y. Study on the chemical composition and anti-fungi activities of anthraquinones and its glycosides from Rumex japonicus Houtt. J Nat Med. 2024 Aug 5. doi: 10.1007/s11418-024-01834-x. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39103726. 3: Pan XP, Wang C, Li Y, Huang LH. Retraction notice to "Physcion Induces apoptosis through triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocellular carcinoma"[Biomed. Pharmacother. 99(2018) 894-903]. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Sep;178:117142. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117142. Epub 2024 Jul 17. Erratum for: Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Mar;99:894-903. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.148. PMID: 39025763. 4: Hu G, Guo H, Lu L, Zhang Z, Tang Y, Zuo J, Wang X. Unveiling esophageal cancer treatment mechanisms: network pharmacology and molecular docking of Physcion. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024 Jul 18. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03283-5. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39023545. 5: Zhou G, Xie RF, Li SN, Chen SX, Feng YM, Xiang N, Tan ZY, Zhou X. Synergic effects and possible mechanism of emodin and stilbene glycosides on colorectal cancer. Phytomedicine. 2024 Sep;132:155821. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155821. Epub 2024 Jun 23. PMID: 39004030. 6: Daminova AG, Leksin IY, Khabibrakhmanova VR, Gurjanov OP, Galeeva EI, Trifonova TV, Khamatgalimov AR, Beckett RP, Minibayeva FV. The Roles of the Anthraquinone Parietin in the Tolerance to Desiccation of the Lichen Xanthoria parietina: Physiology and Anatomy of the Pale and Bright-Orange Thalli. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 27;25(13):7067. doi: 10.3390/ijms25137067. PMID: 39000176; PMCID: PMC11240919. 7: Liu D, Mao X, Zhang G, He L, Wang L, Zhang F, Wang Q, Zhou L. Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Physcion against Sclerotium rolfsii, the Causal Agent of Peanut Southern Blight. J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Jul 17;72(28):15601-15612. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02519. Epub 2024 Jul 1. PMID: 38950526. 8: Kumatia EK, Antwi S, Asase A. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of NPK 500 capsules, a Cassia sieberiana DC. - Based herbal analgesic medicine used to treat dysmenorrhea and peptic ulcer, is mediated through the inhibition of PGE2 and iNOS. J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Oct 28;333:118510. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118510. Epub 2024 Jun 28. PMID: 38945468. 9: Choi JY, Kang S, Tran MN, Lee S, Ryu SM, Chae SW, Kim DH, Lee YE, Jeong S, Moon C, Kim JS, Lee SI. Antiepileptic and Neuroprotective Effects of Rheum tanguticum Root Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Epilepsy and Neurodegeneration: In Vivo and in Silico Analyses. J Integr Neurosci. 2024 Jun 21;23(6):122. doi: 10.31083/j.jin2306122. PMID: 38940090. 10: Ndochinwa GO, Wang QY, Okoro NO, Amadi OC, Nwagu TN, Nnamchi CI, Moneke AN, Odiba AS. New advances in protein engineering for industrial applications: Key takeaways. Open Life Sci. 2024 Jun 17;19(1):20220856. doi: 10.1515/biol-2022-0856. PMID: 38911927; PMCID: PMC11193397. 11: Xiong Y, Yong Z, Zhao Q, Hua A, Wang X, Chen X, Yang X, Li Z. Hydroxyethyl starch-based self-reinforced nanomedicine inhibits both glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant pathways to boost reactive oxygen species-powered immunotherapy. Biomaterials. 2024 Dec;311:122673. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122673. Epub 2024 Jun 17. PMID: 38897030. 12: Li X, Liu X, Yang F, Meng T, Li X, Yan Y, Xiao K. Mechanism of Dahuang Mudan Decotion in the treatment of colorectal cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Heliyon. 2024 May 29;10(11):e32136. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32136. PMID: 38882337; PMCID: PMC11176830. 13: Gao F, Liu W, Guo Q, Bai Y, Yang H, Chen H. Retraction notice to "Physcion blocks cell cycle and induces apoptosis in human B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by downregulating HOXA5" [Biomed. Pharmacother. 94 (2017) 850-857]. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Jun;175:116712. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116712. Epub 2024 May 17. PMID: 38762428. 14: Wang Y, Li J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Guo Q, Wang Y, Jiang B, Jin X, Liu Y. Elucidation of the anti-gastric cancer mechanism of Guiqi Baizhu Formula by integrative approach of chemical bioinformatics. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Jun 15;134:112245. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112245. Epub 2024 May 14. PMID: 38749334. 15: Au TT, Ho YL, Chang YS. Qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for quality control of rhubarb in Taiwan's markets. Front Pharmacol. 2024 Apr 30;15:1364460. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364460. PMID: 38746013; PMCID: PMC11091417. 16: Jin HF, Shen QX, Shi Y, Liu FM, Wang B, Cao J, Ye LH. Magnetic-stirring- enhanced mechanical amorphous dispersion extraction for the hydrophobic phytochemical constituents using an aqueous solution from a medicinal plant. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2024 Aug 1;245:116191. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116191. Epub 2024 May 1. PMID: 38728950. 17: Li JJ, Wang XX, Li YM, Li N, Zhu HT, Eshbakova KA, Zhang YJ. Phenolic constituents with potent α-glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities from Rumex nepalensis var. remotiflorus. Phytochemistry. 2024 Jul;223:114122. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114122. Epub 2024 May 6. PMID: 38710376. 18: Huang L, Cheng S, Liu Z, Zou C, Yan H. [Transdermal patches containing Cassia seed extract applied at the navel for slow transit constipation in rats: therapeutic effect and analysis of the spectrum-effect relationship]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2024 Apr 20;44(4):720-726. Chinese. doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.04.14. PMID: 38708506; PMCID: PMC11073935. 19: Lorenz C, Bianchi E, Alberini A, Poggiali G, Benesperi R, Papini A, Brucato JR. UV photo-degradation of the secondary lichen substance parietin: A multi- spectroscopic analysis in astrobiology perspective. Life Sci Space Res (Amst). 2024 May;41:191-201. doi: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.03.004. Epub 2024 Mar 22. PMID: 38670647. 20: Muraoka T, Imahori D, Miyagi R, Shinohara N, Tanaka H. Simultaneous high- performance liquid chromatography analysis of anthraquinones in sicklepod sprouts with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Phytochem Anal. 2024 Jul;35(5):1197-1206. doi: 10.1002/pca.3353. Epub 2024 Apr 4. PMID: 38572825.

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