Levocarnitine | Carnitor | ST-198 | CAS#541-15-1 | Carnitine Acetyltransferase Stimulant

MedKoo Cat#: 328705 | Name: Levocarnitine

Featured

Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Levocarnitine, also known as Carnitor and ST-198, is a carnitine acetyltransferase stimulant used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.

Chemical Structure

Levocarnitine

CAS#541-15-1

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 328705

Name: Levocarnitine

CAS#: 541-15-1

Chemical Formula: C7H15NO3

Exact Mass: 161.1052

Molecular Weight: 161.20

Elemental Analysis: C, 52.16; H, 9.38; N, 8.69; O, 29.77

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability	Quantity
5g	USD 250.00	2 Weeks

Bulk Inquiry

Buy Now

Add to Cart

Related CAS #

No Data

Synonym

Levocarnitine; Carnitor; L-Cartin; ST-198; ST 198; ST198; Carnitine

IUPAC/Chemical Name

3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate

InChi Key

PHIQHXFUZVPYII-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C7H15NO3/c1-8(2,3)5-6(9)4-7(10)11/h6,9H,4-5H2,1-3H3

SMILES Code

C[N+](C)(CC(O)CC([O-])=O)C

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>95% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway.

In vitro activity:

In the following, cells were treated with LC (L-Carnitine) and at the end of the treatment period, the cells were subjected to the real-time PCR technique along with western blotting assay for measurement of the telomere length and assessment of protein expression, respectively. The results showed that 0.2 mM LC caused the elongation of the telomere length and increased the TERT protein expression. Reference: Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 May 11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35546751/

In vivo activity:

Inflammation at the tissue level was also mildest in group A, and severest in the group that was not given carnitine (group C). All of the study groups and the control group differed significantly with respect to inflammation scores. In conclusion, L-carnitine improved oxygen saturation, and decreased urine leukotriene E4 levels and inflammation in lung tissues in the present murine model of asthma. Reference: Acta Med Okayama. 2002 Dec;56(6):295-301. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12685858/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	Ethanol	21.0	130.27
	PBS (pH 7.2)	10.0	62.03
	Water	41.0	254.34

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 161.20 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Fathi E, Montazersaheb S, Sanaat Z, Nakhlband A, Vandghanooni S, Farahzadi R, Vietor I. L-carnitine reduced cellular aging of bone marrow resident C-kit+ hematopoietic stem cells through telomere dependent pathways. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 May 11. doi: 10.2174/1574888X17666220511141123. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35546751. 2. Lee YG, Chou HC, Chen YT, Tung SY, Ko TL, Buyandelger B, Wen LL, Juan SH. L-Carnitine reduces reactive oxygen species/endoplasmic reticulum stress and maintains mitochondrial function during autophagy-mediated cell apoptosis in perfluorooctanesulfonate-treated renal tubular cells. Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 18;12(1):4673. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08771-3. PMID: 35304586; PMCID: PMC8933466. 3. Dehghani A, Pourjafari F, Koohkan F, Haghpanh T, Pourjafari F, Sheibani V, Afarinesh MR. L-carnitine attenuates acoustic startle reflex dysfunction in adult male rats exposed to mancozeb. Toxicol Ind Health. 2023 Jan 17:7482337231151739. doi: 10.1177/07482337231151739. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36650049. 4. Uzuner N, Kavukçu S, Yilmaz O, Ozkal S, Işlekel H, Karaman O, Soylu A, Kargi A. The role of L-carnitine in treatment of a murine model of asthma. Acta Med Okayama. 2002 Dec;56(6):295-301. doi: 10.18926/AMO/31692. PMID: 12685858.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Dehghani A, Pourjafari F, Koohkan F, Haghpanh T, Pourjafari F, Sheibani V, Afarinesh MR. L-carnitine attenuates acoustic startle reflex dysfunction in adult male rats exposed to mancozeb. Toxicol Ind Health. 2023 Jan 17:7482337231151739. doi: 10.1177/07482337231151739. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36650049. 2. Uzuner N, Kavukçu S, Yilmaz O, Ozkal S, Işlekel H, Karaman O, Soylu A, Kargi A. The role of L-carnitine in treatment of a murine model of asthma. Acta Med Okayama. 2002 Dec;56(6):295-301. doi: 10.18926/AMO/31692. PMID: 12685858.

1: Higuchi T, Abe M, Yamazaki T, Okawa E, Ando H, Hotta S, Oikawa O, Kikuchi F, Okada K, Soma M. Levocarnitine Improves Cardiac Function in Hemodialysis Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016 Feb;67(2):260-70. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.09.010. Epub 2015 Oct 23. PubMed PMID: 26508680. 2: Yanagawa K, Matsunaga N, Nakagawa Y. [Experience with levocarnitine chloride supplementation for the treatment of fatigue in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2014 Oct;41(10):1292-4. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 25335721. 3: Yamada M, Kuroda H, Shimoyama S, Ito R, Sugama Y, Sato K, Yamauchi N, Horiguchi H, Nakamura H, Hamaguchi K, Abe T, Fujii S, Maeda M, Kato J. [Efficacy of levocarnitine for tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced painful muscle cramps in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia]. Rinsho Ketsueki. 2016 Apr;57(4):489-91. doi: 10.11406/rinketsu.57.489. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 27169456. 4: Shiraki M, Shimizu M, Moriwaki H, Okita K, Koike K. Carnitine dynamics and their effects on hyperammonemia in cirrhotic Japanese patients. Hepatol Res. 2016 Jun 2. doi: 10.1111/hepr.12750. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27254133. 5: Mao CY, Lu HB, Kong N, Li JY, Liu M, Yang CY, Yang P. Levocarnitine protects H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Int J Med Sci. 2014 Aug 15;11(11):1107-15. doi: 10.7150/ijms.9153. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 25170293; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4147636. 6: Cuturic M, Abramson RK, Moran RR, Hardin JW, Frank EM, Sellers AA. Serum carnitine levels and levocarnitine supplementation in institutionalized Huntington's disease patients. Neurol Sci. 2013 Jan;34(1):93-8. PubMed PMID: 22294053. 7: Higuchi T, Abe M, Yamazaki T, Mizuno M, Okawa E, Ando H, Oikawa O, Okada K, Kikuchi F, Soma M. Effects of levocarnitine on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2014 Dec 22;6(12):5992-6004. doi: 10.3390/nu6125992. PubMed PMID: 25533009; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4277011. 8: Novikov DV, Belousov SS, Karaulov AV, Eroshevskaya NV, Shumilova SV, Kasatova ES, Kazatskaya ZhA, Novikov VV. Levocarnitine normalizes elevated blood level of soluble Fas mRNA in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2015 Mar;158(5):617-20. doi: 10.1007/s10517-015-2820-1. Epub 2015 Mar 17. PubMed PMID: 25778646. 9: Nakamura M, Nagamine T. The Effect of Carnitine Supplementation on Hyperammonemia and Carnitine Deficiency Treated with Valproic Acid in a Psychiatric Setting. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2015 Sep-Oct;12(9-10):18-24. PubMed PMID: 26634177; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4655895. 10: Zeiler FA, Sader N, Gillman LM, West M. Levocarnitine induced seizures in patients on valproic acid: A negative systematic review. Seizure. 2016 Mar;36:36-9. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.01.020. Epub 2016 Feb 16. Review. PubMed PMID: 26889779. 11: Mamedov I, Zolkina I, Nikolaeva E, Glagovsky P, Sukhorukov V. Carnitine insufficiency in children with inborn errors of metabolism: prevalence and treatment efficacy. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Nov 1;28(11-12):1299-304. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0193. PubMed PMID: 26197467. 12: Iwasa M, Sugimoto R, Ishihara T, Sekoguchi-Fujikawa N, Yoshikawa K, Mifuji-Moroka R, Tanaka H, Kobayashi Y, Hasegawa H, Takei Y. Usefulness of Levocarnitine and/or Branched-Chain Amino Acids during Invasive Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2015;61(6):433-40. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.61.433. PubMed PMID: 26875483. 13: Bibi Y, Hussain MM, Naz R. Effect of levocarnitine on endurance capacity in type-2 diabetic rats. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2013 Jul-Dec;25(3-4):64-7. PubMed PMID: 25226744. 14: Han A, Bennett N, MacDonald A, Johnstone M, Whelan J, Donohoe DR. Cellular Metabolism and Dose Reveal Carnitine-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms of Butyrate Oxidation in Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Cell Physiol. 2016 Aug;231(8):1804-13. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25287. Epub 2015 Dec 28. PubMed PMID: 26661480. 15: Tang QL, He QH, Dai B, Liu ZS, Zhou Qing, Huang X, Wang QS, Bin B. [Antioxidating and energy metabolism improving effects of Qiangjing Decoction on oligospermia and asthenospermia: An experimental study]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2016 Feb;22(2):153-9. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 26939401.

View History

SEN-1269

MedKoo CAT#: 562317

CAS#: 956128-01-1