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MedKoo Cat#: 326849 | Name: Phenothrin
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Phenothrin also called sumithrin and d-phenothrin, is a synthetic pyrethroid that kills adult fleas and ticks. It has also been used to kill head lice in humans. d-Phenothrin is used as a component of aerosol insecticides for domestic use. Phenothrin is often used with methoprene, an insect growth regulator that interrupts the insect's biological life cycle by killing the eggs. Phenothrin is the active agent in the branded product Raid Fly & Wasp Killer.

Chemical Structure

Phenothrin
Phenothrin
CAS#26002-80-2

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 326849

Name: Phenothrin

CAS#: 26002-80-2

Chemical Formula: C23H26O3

Exact Mass: 350.1882

Molecular Weight: 350.46

Elemental Analysis: C, 78.83; H, 7.48; O, 13.70

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
50mg USD 190.00 Ready to ship
100mg USD 350.00
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Related CAS #
No Data
Synonym
KC-1001; KC 1001; KC1001; Phenothrin; umithrin and d-phenothrin.
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(3-Phenoxyphenyl)methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
InChi Key
SBNFWQZLDJGRLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C23H26O3/c1-16(2)13-20-21(23(20,3)4)22(24)25-15-17-9-8-12-19(14-17)26-18-10-6-5-7-11-18/h5-14,20-21H,15H2,1-4H3
SMILES Code
O=C(C1C(C)(C)C1/C=C(C)\C)OCC2=CC=CC(OC3=CC=CC=C3)=C2
Appearance
Liquid
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Certificate of Analysis
View CoA: current batch, Lot#S21G07M02
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
View Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Phenothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid that kills adult fleas and ticks.
In vitro activity:
This study investigated whether phenothrin exposure can lead to increased DNA damage in vitro in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and in human hepatocytes. These results show that phenothrin induces statistically significant, dose-dependent DNA damage in the absence of marked cytotoxicity at concentrations higher than 20 μM and 50 μM in human blood peripheral lymphocytes and hepatocytes, respectively. Reference: Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2014 Aug;770:1-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25344157/
In vivo activity:
The objective of this study was to assess the risk of genotoxicity of d-phenothrin by measuring the oxidative stress it causes in rat liver and kidney. d-phenothrin was administered intraperitoneally (IP) to the five experimental groups at 25 mg/kg (Group I), 50 mg/kg (Group II), 66.7 mg/kg (Group III), 100 mg/kg (Group IV), and 200 mg/kg (Group V) for 14 consecutive days, and the control group received only the vehicle, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A statistically significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent increase in oxidative DNA damage was observed in both organs of animals exposed to d-phenothrin when compared to controls. Furthermore, the liver showed a significantly higher level of oxidative DNA damage than the kidney (p < 0.01). In conclusion, d-phenothrin administered to rats intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days generated free radical species in a dose-dependent manner and caused oxidative DNA damage in the liver and kidney. Reference: Environ Toxicol. 2015 May;30(5):607-13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24339023/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 100.0 285.34
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 350.46 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Nagy K, Rácz G, Matsumoto T, Ádány R, Ádám B. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide phenothrin. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2014 Aug;770:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.05.001. Epub 2014 May 14. PMID: 25344157. 2. Atmaca E, Aksoy A. d-Phenothrin-induced oxidative DNA damage in rat liver and kidney determined by HPLC-ECD/DAD. Environ Toxicol. 2015 May;30(5):607-13. doi: 10.1002/tox.21938. Epub 2013 Dec 12. PMID: 24339023.
In vitro protocol:
1. Nagy K, Rácz G, Matsumoto T, Ádány R, Ádám B. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide phenothrin. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2014 Aug;770:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.05.001. Epub 2014 May 14. PMID: 25344157.
In vivo protocol:
1. Atmaca E, Aksoy A. d-Phenothrin-induced oxidative DNA damage in rat liver and kidney determined by HPLC-ECD/DAD. Environ Toxicol. 2015 May;30(5):607-13. doi: 10.1002/tox.21938. Epub 2013 Dec 12. PMID: 24339023.
1: Stilwell JM, Perry SM, Petrie-Hanson L, Sheffler R, Buchweitz JP, Delaune AJ. Pyrethroid-associated nephrotoxicity in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and blue catfish, I. furcatus, at a public aquarium. Vet Pathol. 2024 Jul;61(4):633-640. doi: 10.1177/03009858231222226. Epub 2024 Jan 9. PMID: 38193450. 2: Wang C, Chen D, Zhang X, Qing S, Chen H, Cai J, Long J, Gu J, Sun H, Zhang K, Wan Y. Establishment of a Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Method for the Detection of Cypermethrin in Tobacco. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2023 Nov 23;308:94-104. doi: 10.3233/SHTI230829. PMID: 38007730. 3: Kang HS, Kim M, Park JH. Pesticides in multigrains and risk assessment for Koreans by age group. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill. 2023 Dec;16(4):340-349. doi: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2248945. Epub 2023 Sep 4. PMID: 37666791. 4: Yao B, Hu C, Yue X, Liu G, Wang B. Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Pediatric Phthirus pubis Coinfestation of the Eyelashes and Scalp Hairs. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2023 Jul 31;109(3):686-689. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0071. PMID: 37524328; PMCID: PMC10484248. 5: Megat Nabil Mohsin S, Ahmad N, Yusof YA. Comparative efficacy trials with alcohol added d-phenothrin formulations against Aedes aegypti under open-field condition. Pest Manag Sci. 2023 Oct;79(10):4094-4099. doi: 10.1002/ps.7610. Epub 2023 Jun 20. PMID: 37300851. 6: Li A, Yang M, Mei Y, Zhou Q, Zhao J, Li Y, Li K, Zhao M, Xu J, Xu Q. Quantitative analysis of the minimum days of dietary survey to estimate dietary pesticide exposure: Implications for dietary pesticide sampling strategy. Environ Pollut. 2023 Jul 15;329:121630. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121630. Epub 2023 Apr 14. PMID: 37062403. 7: Mohsin SMN, Hasan ZAA. Effect of short-chain alcohols on the physicochemical properties of d-phenothrin emulsions and their insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2023 Jan;221:113025. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113025. Epub 2022 Nov 15. PMID: 36403417. 8: Gao Y, Bian C, Li N, Yao K, Xiao L, Yang Z, Guan T. Exploring the binding mechanism and adverse toxic effects of chiral phenothrin to human serum albumin: Based on multi-spectroscopy, biochemical and computational approach. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2022 Dec 5;282:121659. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121659. Epub 2022 Jul 22. PMID: 35930945. 9: Hosseini FS, Amanlou A, Amanlou M. Tankyrase Inhibitor for Cardiac Tissue Regeneration: an In-silico Approach. Iran J Pharm Res. 2021 Fall;20(4):315-328. doi: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.115367.15339. PMID: 35194449; PMCID: PMC8842603. 10: Guida Y, Pozo K, Carvalho GO, Capella R, Targino AC, Torres JPM, Meire RO. Occurrence of pyrethroids in the atmosphere of urban areas of Southeastern Brazil: Inhalation exposure and health risk assessment. Environ Pollut. 2021 Dec 1;290:118020. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118020. Epub 2021 Aug 20. PMID: 34450491. 11: Komoda M. [For Safer Use of Ivermectin in All Patients]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2021;141(7):887-909. Japanese. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00242. PMID: 34193651. 12: Patel PU, Tan A, Levell NJ. A clinical review and history of pubic lice. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021 Oct;46(7):1181-1188. doi: 10.1111/ced.14666. Epub 2021 May 12. Erratum in: Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021 Dec;46(8):1665. doi: 10.1111/ced.14985. PMID: 33811771. 13: Qualls WA, Breidenbaugh MS. Texas Mosquito Control Response Following Hurricane Harvey. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2020 Jun 1;36(2s):61-67. doi: 10.2987/19-6883.1. PMID: 33647147. 14: Kim S, Seo M, Na M, Kim J. Investigation on Combined Inhalation Exposure Scenarios to Biocidal Mixtures: Biocidal and Household Chemical Products in South Korea. Toxics. 2021 Feb 4;9(2):32. doi: 10.3390/toxics9020032. PMID: 33557145; PMCID: PMC7913984. 15: Liu Y, Liu D, Shen C, Dong S, Hu X, Lin M, Zhang X, Xu C, Zhong J, Xie Y, Zhang C, Wang D, Liu X. Construction and characterization of a class-specific single-chain variable fragment against pyrethroid metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 Sep;104(17):7345-7354. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10728-3. Epub 2020 Jul 15. PMID: 32666189. 16: Komoda M, Yamaguchi S, Takahashi K, Yanase K, Umezawa M, Miyajima A, Yoshimasu T, Sato E, Ozeki R, Ishii N. Efficacy and safety of a combination regimen of phenothrin and ivermectin lotion in patients with head lice in Okinawa, Japan. J Dermatol. 2020 Jul;47(7):720-727. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.15348. Epub 2020 May 7. PMID: 32383287. 17: Huang Y, Lin Z, Zhang W, Pang S, Bhatt P, Rene ER, Kumar AJ, Chen S. New Insights into the Microbial Degradation of D-Cyphenothrin in Contaminated Water/Soil Environments. Microorganisms. 2020 Mar 26;8(4):473. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8040473. PMID: 32225056; PMCID: PMC7232362. 18: Pang AM, Gay S, Yadav R, Dolea C, Ponce C, Velayudhan R, Grout A, Fehr J, Plenge-Boenig A, Schlagenhauf P. The safety and applicability of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides for aircraft disinsection: A systematic review. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Jan-Feb;33:101570. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101570. Epub 2020 Jan 30. PMID: 32007622. 19: Santiasih I, Titah HS, Hermana J. The effects of particulate matters inhalation exposures of prallethrin and d-phenothrin mixture in mice (Mus musculus) against exhaled carbon dioxide concentration. Toxicol Res. 2019 Dec 2;36(1):59-67. doi: 10.1007/s43188-019-00002-8. PMID: 31998626; PMCID: PMC6988624. 20: Clifton ME, Xamplas CP, Nasci RS, Harbison J. Gravid Culex pipiens Exhibit A Reduced Susceptibility to Ultra-Low Volume Adult Control Treatments Under Field Conditions. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2019 Dec;35(4):267-278. doi: 10.2987/19-6848.1. PMID: 31922942.