Salubrinal | CAS#405060-95-9 | phosphatase inhibitor

MedKoo Cat#: 326807 | Name: Salubrinal

Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Salubrinal is a selective phosphatase inhibitor that prevents dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α (eIF2α). Salubrinal reduces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and impulsive-like behavior in a rodent model of traumatic brain injury. Salubrinal protects human lens epithelial cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis. Salubrinal improves cardiac function in rats with heart failure post myocardial infarction through reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis.

Chemical Structure

Salubrinal

CAS#405060-95-9

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 326807

Name: Salubrinal

CAS#: 405060-95-9

Chemical Formula: C21H17Cl3N4OS

Exact Mass: 478.0189

Molecular Weight: 479.80

Elemental Analysis: C, 52.57; H, 3.57; Cl, 22.17; N, 11.68; O, 3.33; S, 6.68

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
25mg	USD 250.00	2 Weeks
50mg	USD 450.00	2 Weeks
100mg	USD 750.00	2 Weeks
200mg	USD 1,250.00	2 Weeks
500mg	USD 2,850.00	2 Weeks

Bulk Inquiry

Buy Now

Add to Cart

Related CAS #

No Data

Synonym

Salubrinal

IUPAC/Chemical Name

(2E)-3-phenyl-N-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-[[(8-quinolinylamino)thioxomethyl]amino]ethyl]-2-propenamide

InChi Key

LCOIAYJMPKXARU-VAWYXSNFSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C21H17Cl3N4OS/c22-21(23,24)19(27-17(29)12-11-14-6-2-1-3-7-14)28-20(30)26-16-10-4-8-15-9-5-13-25-18(15)16/h1-13,19H,(H,27,29)(H2,26,28,30)/b12-11+

SMILES Code

O=C(NC(NC(NC1=C2N=CC=CC2=CC=C1)=S)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)/C=C/C3=CC=CC=C3

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO and DMF

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Salubrinal, with an IC50 of 15 μM, is a selective phosphatase inhibitor that prevents dephosphorylation of eIF2α, safeguarding PC12 cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. It inhibits PP1 action on eIF2α. Salubrinal also exhibits antiviral activity, with an IC50 of 3 μM, by inhibiting eIF2α dephosphorylation.

In vitro activity:

Salubrinal attenuated the activation of various unfolded protein response signaling factors induced by rotenone in neuro2a cells. It prevented eIF2α dephosphorylation and counteracted rotenone-induced reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and intracellular calcium increase. Salubrinal also reduced neuronal apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and chromatin condensation. Reference: Neurochem Int. 2019 Dec;131:104581. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31639405/

In vivo activity:

Salubrinal shows promise in preventing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis by alleviating cartilage degradation caused by anterior disc displacement. It reverses condylar cartilage deterioration, reduces chondrocyte apoptosis, increases matrix components like Collagen II and Aggrecan, and downregulates catabolic factors including MMP13, ADAMTS5, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Salubrinal also inhibits ER stress and NF-κB phosphorylation. Reference: Oral Dis. 2023 Sep 3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37660361/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	DMF	25.0	52.11
	DMSO	25.0	52.11
	DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:2)	0.3	0.63

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 479.80 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Gupta S, Biswas J, Gupta P, Singh A, Tiwari S, Mishra A, Singh S. Salubrinal attenuates nitric oxide mediated PERK:IRE1α: ATF-6 signaling and DNA damage in neuronal cells. Neurochem Int. 2019 Dec;131:104581. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104581. Epub 2019 Oct 19. PMID: 31639405. 2. Zhang M, Jiang X, Qu M, Gu H, Sha Q, Hua F. Salubrinal abrogates palmitate-induced leptin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum stress via nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell pathway in mHypoE-44 hypothalamic neurons. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2018 Dec 6;11:893-899. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S179346. PMID: 30584344; PMCID: PMC6287548. 3. Xu T, Shuai J, Gu Z, Wu M. Salubrinal alleviates cartilage degradation in a rabbit temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis model. Oral Dis. 2023 Sep 3. doi: 10.1111/odi.14731. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37660361. 4. Ozge G, Karaca U, Savran M, Usta G, Gulle K, Sevimli M, Cankara FN, Asci H. Salubrinal Ameliorates Inflammation and Neovascularization via the Caspase 3/Enos Signaling in an Alkaline-Induced Rat Corneal Neovascularization Model. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Feb 9;59(2):323. doi: 10.3390/medicina59020323. PMID: 36837524; PMCID: PMC9961429.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Xu T, Shuai J, Gu Z, Wu M. Salubrinal alleviates cartilage degradation in a rabbit temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis model. Oral Dis. 2023 Sep 3. doi: 10.1111/odi.14731. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37660361. 2. Ozge G, Karaca U, Savran M, Usta G, Gulle K, Sevimli M, Cankara FN, Asci H. Salubrinal Ameliorates Inflammation and Neovascularization via the Caspase 3/Enos Signaling in an Alkaline-Induced Rat Corneal Neovascularization Model. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Feb 9;59(2):323. doi: 10.3390/medicina59020323. PMID: 36837524; PMCID: PMC9961429.

1: Mu Z, Li B, Chen M, Liang C, Gu W, Su J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces renal fibrosis in high‑fat diet mice via the TGF‑β/SMAD pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2024 Dec;30(6):235. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13360. Epub 2024 Oct 18. PMID: 39422027. 2: Snyder CM, Mateo B, Patel K, Fahrenholtz CD, Rohde MM, Carpenter R, Singh RN. Enhancement of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer-Specific Induction of Cell Death by Silver Nanoparticles by Combined Treatment with Proteotoxic Stress Response Inhibitors. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Sep 27;14(19):1564. doi: 10.3390/nano14191564. PMID: 39404291; PMCID: PMC11477547. 3: Isaac AR, Chauvet MG, Lima-Filho R, Wagner BA, Caroli BG, Leite REP, Suemoto CK, Nunes PV, De Felice FG, Ferreira ST, Lourenco MV. Defective regulation of the eIF2-eIF2B translational axis underlies depressive-like behavior in mice and correlates with major depressive disorder in humans. Transl Psychiatry. 2024 Oct 1;14(1):397. doi: 10.1038/s41398-024-03128-y. PMID: 39349438; PMCID: PMC11442801. 4: Hossain MG, Ueda K. Regulation of Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ER-Stress). Int J Microbiol. 2024 Aug 30;2024:9117453. doi: 10.1155/2024/9117453. PMID: 39246409; PMCID: PMC11379510. 5: Thapak P, Gomez-Pinilla F. The bioenergetics of traumatic brain injury and its long-term impact for brain plasticity and function. Pharmacol Res. 2024 Oct;208:107389. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107389. Epub 2024 Sep 5. PMID: 39243913. 6: Asci H, Savran M, Tepebasi MY, Ilhan I, Karakuyu NF, Imeci OB, Sevuk MA, Sezik M, Ozmen O. "Investigation of the potential cellular changes induced by magnesium sulfate and salubrinal in a lipopolysaccharide-induced chorioamnionitis model". Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Nov 5;982:176949. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176949. Epub 2024 Aug 27. PMID: 39209094. 7: Koloko Ngassie ML, Drake LY, Roos BB, Koenig-Kappes A, Pabelick CM, Gosens R, Brandsma CA, Burgess JK, Prakash YS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced senescence in human lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2024 Jul 1;327(1):L126-L139. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00264.2023. Epub 2024 May 21. PMID: 38771153; PMCID: PMC11380945. 8: Gong X, Fan Z, Xu H, Qu Y, Li B, Li L, Yan Y, Wu L, Yan C. GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 mediate contextual fear generalization in PTSD rats. J Neurochem. 2024 Sep;168(9):2587-2600. doi: 10.1111/jnc.16123. Epub 2024 May 5. PMID: 38705582. 9: Davis CK, Bathula S, Jeong S, Arruri V, Choi J, Subramanian S, Ostrom CM, Vemuganti R. An antioxidant and anti-ER stress combination therapy elevates phosphorylation of α-Syn at serine 129 and alleviates post-TBI PD-like pathology in a sex-specific manner in mice. Exp Neurol. 2024 Jul;377:114795. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114795. Epub 2024 Apr 23. PMID: 38657855. 10: Thi Thanh Nguyen N, Yoon Lee S. Celecoxib and sulindac sulfide elicit anticancer effects on PIK3CA-mutated head and neck cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Pharmacol. 2024 Jun;224:116221. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116221. Epub 2024 Apr 18. PMID: 38641308. 11: Nguyen K, Tang J, Cho S, Ying F, Sung HK, Jahng JW, Pantopoulos K, Sweeney G. Salubrinal promotes phospho-eIF2α-dependent activation of UPR leading to autophagy-mediated attenuation of iron-induced insulin resistance. Mol Metab. 2024 May;83:101921. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101921. Epub 2024 Mar 26. PMID: 38527647; PMCID: PMC11027572. 12: Hetzer S, Bellary R, Torrens JN, Grimaldi RF, Evanson NK. Targeting eIF2α in TBI-induced traumatic optic neuropathy: Effects of Salubrinal and the Integrated Stress Response Inhibitor. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2024 Feb 19:2024.02.15.580435. doi: 10.1101/2024.02.15.580435. PMID: 38464302; PMCID: PMC10925236. 13: Zhang Q, Lang Y, Tang X, Cheng W, Cheng Z, Rizwan M, Xie L, Liu Y, Xu H, Liu Y. Polystyrene microplastic-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to growth plate endochondral ossification disorder in young rat. Environ Toxicol. 2024 Jun;39(6):3314-3329. doi: 10.1002/tox.24182. Epub 2024 Mar 5. PMID: 38440912. 14: Vieira FG, Tassinari VR, Kidd JD, Moreno A, Thompson K, Perrin S, Gill A, Hatzipetros T. PERK modulation, with GSK2606414, Sephin1 or salubrinal, failed to produce therapeutic benefits in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. PLoS One. 2024 Feb 15;19(2):e0292190. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292190. PMID: 38359044; PMCID: PMC10868768. 15: Eom YS, Shah FH, Kim SJ. Novel insight on IRE1 in the regulation of chondrocyte dedifferentiation through ER stress independent pathway. J Physiol Biochem. 2024 May;80(2):337-347. doi: 10.1007/s13105-024-01008-z. Epub 2024 Feb 10. PMID: 38336929. 16: Wang T, Chen P, Li T, Li J, Zhao D, Meng F, Zhao Y, Zheng Z, Liu X. A Five- gene Signature based on MicroRNA for Predicting Prognosis and Immunotherapy in Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Curr Med Chem. 2024;31(17):2378-2399. doi: 10.2174/0109298673281631231127051017. PMID: 38310388. 17: Lu J, Ma Y, Lv H, Li C, Ru L, Zhao J, Wang D. The Different Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shensong Yangxin Capsule and Salubrinal in High-intensity Exercise-induced Heart Failure in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2024;27(11):1592-1601. doi: 10.2174/0113862073272407231201071629. PMID: 38305401. 18: Ishijima T, Nakajima K. Restoration of injured motoneurons reduces microglial proliferation in the adult rat facial nucleus. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2024 Feb 21;83(3):168-180. doi: 10.1093/jnen/nlad116. PMID: 38263471. 19: Gao H, Gao X, Liu X, Luo Y, Zhong J, Liu J, Yan L, Wang H, Gong L, Zhang G, Zheng Z, Sun Y. African swine fever virus maintains de novo global cellular protein synthesis and inhibits stress granules formation via dephosphorylating eIF2α. Vet Microbiol. 2024 Mar;290:109988. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.109988. Epub 2024 Jan 17. PMID: 38244395. 20: Cyran AM, Kleinegger F, Nass N, Naumann M, Haybaeck J, Arens C. Inhibition of EIF2α Dephosphorylation Decreases Cell Viability and Synergizes with Standard-of-Care Chemotherapeutics in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Nov 9;15(22):5350. doi: 10.3390/cancers15225350. PMID: 38001610; PMCID: PMC10670742.