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MedKoo Cat#: 326806 | Name: Folic acid
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Folic acid, also known as Vitamin B9, is a B vitamin. Folic acid is made and used in fortified foods and supplements on the theory that it is converted into folate. However, folic acid is an oxidized form, not significantly found in fresh natural foods. To be used it must be converted to tetrahydrofolate (tetrahydrofolic acid) by dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Vitamin B9 is essential for numerous bodily functions. Humans cannot make folates; therefore, folic acid has to be supplied through the diet to meet their daily requirements. The human body needs folate to make DNA, repair DNA, and methylate DNA as well as to act as a cofactor in certain biological reactions. It is especially important in aiding rapid cell division and growth, such as in infancy and pregnancy. Children and adults both require folate to produce healthy red blood cells and prevent anemia.

Chemical Structure

Folic acid
Folic acid
CAS#59-30-3

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 326806

Name: Folic acid

CAS#: 59-30-3

Chemical Formula: C19H19N7O6

Exact Mass: 441.1397

Molecular Weight: 441.40

Elemental Analysis: C, 51.70; H, 4.34; N, 22.21; O, 21.75

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5g USD 250.00 2 Weeks
25g USD 450.00 2 Weeks
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Synonym
Folic acid; Vitamin B11; Vitamin B9; Vitamin Bc; Vitamin Be; Vitamin M.
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(4-(((2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid
InChi Key
OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C19H19N7O6/c20-19-25-15-14(17(30)26-19)23-11(8-22-15)7-21-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)16(29)24-12(18(31)32)5-6-13(27)28/h1-4,8,12,21H,5-7H2,(H,24,29)(H,27,28)(H,31,32)(H3,20,22,25,26,30)/t12-/m0/s1
SMILES Code
O=C(O)CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(C1=CC=C(NCC2=CN=C3NC(N)=NC(C3=N2)=O)C=C1)=O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
A lack of dietary folates can lead to folate deficiency. A complete lack of dietary folate takes months before deficiency develops as normal individuals have about 500–20,000 micrograms (µg) of folate in body stores. This deficiency can result in health problems. During pregnancy deficiency increases the risk of neural tube defects in the baby—a birth defect affecting 300,000 (0.2%) births[15] globally each year and 3,000 pregnancies in the United States each year. Common symptoms of folate deficiency include diarrhea, macrocytic anemia with weakness or shortness of breath, nerve damage with weakness and limb numbness, pregnancy complications, mental confusion, forgetfulness or other cognitive deficits, mental depression, sore or swollen tongue, peptic or mouth ulcers, headaches, heart palpitations, irritability, and behavioral disorders. Low levels of folate can also lead to homocysteine accumulation. Low levels of folate have been associated with specific cancers. However, it is not clear whether consuming recommended (or higher) amounts of folic acid—from foods or in supplements—can lower cancer risk.
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Folic acid (Vitamin M; Vitamin B9) is a B vitamin; is necessary for the production and maintenance of new cells, for DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis.
In vitro activity:
In addition, FA (folic acid) could ameliorate inflammation and decrease ROS production induced by Hcy. Furthermore, FA pre-treatment suppress palmitate -induced (NF-κB) p65 level in palmitate or Hcy stimulated cells. Reference: Arch Physiol Biochem. 2021 Feb 17:1-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33596128/
In vivo activity:
FA (folic acid) significantly reduced the expression levels of nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB) p65/Rela and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rat arterial tissues, as well as the levels of plasma HHcy and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in hypertension associated with HHcy rats (p < 0.05). Reference: Vascular. 2021 Aug 6:17085381211036549. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34362270/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMSO 9.3 21.14
DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:1) 0.5 1.13
DMF 10.0 22.65
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 441.40 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Bagherieh M, Kheirollahi A, Zamani-Garmsiri F, Emamgholipour S, Meshkani R. Folic acid ameliorates palmitate-induced inflammation through decreasing homocysteine and inhibiting NF-κB pathway in HepG2 cells. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2021 Feb 17:1-8. doi: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1878539. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33596128. 2. Yang H, Qin D, Xu S, He C, Sun J, Hua J, Peng S. Folic acid promotes proliferation and differentiation of porcine pancreatic stem cells into insulin-secreting cells through canonical Wnt and ERK signaling pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2021 Jan;205:105772. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105772. Epub 2020 Oct 19. PMID: 33091596. 3. Zhang L, Li Z, Xing C, Ma X, Xu R. The protective mechanism of folic acid on hyperhomocysteinemia-related arterial injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Folic acid against arterial inflammation. Vascular. 2021 Aug 6:17085381211036549. doi: 10.1177/17085381211036549. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34362270. 4. Budni J, Moretti M, Freitas AE, Neis VB, Ribeiro CM, de Oliveira Balen G, Rieger DK, Leal RB, Rodrigues ALS. Behavioral and neurochemical effects of folic acid in a mouse model of depression induced by TNF-α. Behav Brain Res. 2021 Aug 3;414:113512. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113512. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34358572.
In vitro protocol:
1. Bagherieh M, Kheirollahi A, Zamani-Garmsiri F, Emamgholipour S, Meshkani R. Folic acid ameliorates palmitate-induced inflammation through decreasing homocysteine and inhibiting NF-κB pathway in HepG2 cells. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2021 Feb 17:1-8. doi: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1878539. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33596128. 2. Yang H, Qin D, Xu S, He C, Sun J, Hua J, Peng S. Folic acid promotes proliferation and differentiation of porcine pancreatic stem cells into insulin-secreting cells through canonical Wnt and ERK signaling pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2021 Jan;205:105772. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105772. Epub 2020 Oct 19. PMID: 33091596.
In vivo protocol:
1. Zhang L, Li Z, Xing C, Ma X, Xu R. The protective mechanism of folic acid on hyperhomocysteinemia-related arterial injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Folic acid against arterial inflammation. Vascular. 2021 Aug 6:17085381211036549. doi: 10.1177/17085381211036549. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34362270. 2. Budni J, Moretti M, Freitas AE, Neis VB, Ribeiro CM, de Oliveira Balen G, Rieger DK, Leal RB, Rodrigues ALS. Behavioral and neurochemical effects of folic acid in a mouse model of depression induced by TNF-α. Behav Brain Res. 2021 Aug 3;414:113512. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113512. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34358572.
1: Ramakrishnan U, Nguyen PH, Gonzalez-Casanova I, Pham H, Hao W, Nguyen H, Truong TV, Nguyen S, Harding KB, Reinhart GA, Neufeld LM, Martorell R. Neither Preconceptional Weekly Multiple Micronutrient nor Iron-Folic Acid Supplements Affect Birth Size and Gestational Age Compared with a Folic Acid Supplement Alone in Rural Vietnamese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2016 Jul;146(7):1445S-52S. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.223420. Epub 2016 Jun 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 27281806. 2: Dawson SL, Bowe SJ, Crowe TC. A combination of omega-3 fatty acids, folic acid and B-group vitamins is superior at lowering homocysteine than omega-3 alone: A meta-analysis. Nutr Res. 2016 Jun;36(6):499-508. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.03.010. Epub 2016 Apr 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 27188895. 3: Selhub J, Rosenberg IH. Excessive folic acid intake and relation to adverse health outcome. Biochimie. 2016 Jul;126:71-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.04.010. Epub 2016 Apr 27. Review. PubMed PMID: 27131640. 4: Saccone G, Berghella V. Folic acid supplementation in pregnancy to prevent preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016 Apr;199:76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.01.042. Epub 2016 Feb 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 26901401. 5: Reynolds EH. What is the safe upper intake level of folic acid for the nervous system? Implications for folic acid fortification policies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 May;70(5):537-40. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.231. Epub 2016 Feb 10. Review. PubMed PMID: 26862004. 6: Ströhle A, Wolters M, Hahn A. [Safety of folic acid]. Med Monatsschr Pharm. 2015 Aug;38(8):297-306; quiz 307-8. Review. German. PubMed PMID: 26731845. 7: Mirmoghtadaie L, Shamaeizadeh N, Mirzanasiri N. Folic Acid Determination Using Electrochemical Sensors. Int J Prev Med. 2015 Oct 12;6:100. doi: 10.4103/2008-7802.167179. eCollection 2015. Review. PubMed PMID: 26605021; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4629298. 8: Atta CA, Fiest KM, Frolkis AD, Jette N, Pringsheim T, St Germaine-Smith C, Rajapakse T, Kaplan GG, Metcalfe A. Global Birth Prevalence of Spina Bifida by Folic Acid Fortification Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Public Health. 2016 Jan;106(1):e24-34. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302902. Epub 2015 Nov 12. Review. PubMed PMID: 26562127. 9: Degerud EM, Manger MS, Strand TA, Dierkes J. Bioavailability of iron, vitamin A, zinc, and folic acid when added to condiments and seasonings. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Nov;1357:29-42. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12947. Epub 2015 Oct 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 26469774. 10: Cawley S, Mullaney L, McKeating A, Farren M, McCartney D, Turner MJ. A review of European guidelines on periconceptional folic acid supplementation. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Feb;70(2):143-54. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.131. Epub 2015 Sep 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 26350391. 11: Stallivieri A, Baros F, Jetpisbayeva G, Myrzakhmetov B, Frochot C. The Interest of Folic Acid in Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Med Chem. 2015;22(27):3185-207. Review. PubMed PMID: 26219395. 12: Ormazabal A, Casado M, Molero-Luis M, Montoya J, Rahman S, Aylett SB, Hargreaves I, Heales S, Artuch R. Can folic acid have a role in mitochondrial disorders? Drug Discov Today. 2015 Nov;20(11):1349-54. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.07.002. Epub 2015 Jul 14. Review. PubMed PMID: 26183769. 13: Guideline: Intermittent Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in Non-Anaemic Pregnant Women. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. PubMed PMID: 26110188. 14: Asadi-Pooya AA. High dose folic acid supplementation in women with epilepsy: are we sure it is safe? Seizure. 2015 Apr;27:51-3. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.02.030. Epub 2015 Mar 7. Review. PubMed PMID: 25891927. 15: Choi JH, Yates Z, Veysey M, Heo YR, Lucock M. Contemporary issues surrounding folic Acid fortification initiatives. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2014 Dec;19(4):247-60. doi: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.4.247. Epub 2014 Dec 31. Review. PubMed PMID: 25580388; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4287316. 16: Banjari I, Matoković V, Škoro V. The question is whether intake of folic acid from diet alone during pregnancy is sufficient. Med Pregl. 2014 Sep-Oct;67(9-10):313-21. Review. PubMed PMID: 25546978. 17: Peña J, Claro JC. [Is folic acid effective for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with advanced or terminal chronic kidney disease?]. Rev Med Chil. 2014 May;142(5):636-45. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872014000500013. Review. Spanish. PubMed PMID: 25427022. 18: Hodgetts VA, Morris RK, Francis A, Gardosi J, Ismail KM. Effectiveness of folic acid supplementation in pregnancy on reducing the risk of small-for-gestational age neonates: a population study, systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2015 Mar;122(4):478-90. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13202. Epub 2014 Nov 26. Review. PubMed PMID: 25424556. 19: Huhta JC, Linask K. When should we prescribe high-dose folic acid to prevent congenital heart defects? Curr Opin Cardiol. 2015 Jan;30(1):125-31. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000124. Review. PubMed PMID: 25389654. 20: Zeng R, Xu CH, Xu YN, Wang YL, Wang M. The effect of folate fortification on folic acid-based homocysteine-lowering intervention and stroke risk: a meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2015 Jun;18(8):1514-21. doi: 10.1017/S1368980014002134. Epub 2014 Oct 17. Review. PubMed PMID: 25323814.